{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:46:47Z","timestamp":1785156407103,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":129,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Sharks can incur a range of external injuries throughout their lives that originate from various sources, but some of the most notable wounds in viviparous shark neonates are at the umbilicus. Umbilical wounds typically heal within 1 to 2 months post-parturition, depending on the species, and are therefore often used as an indicator of neonatal life stage or as a relative measure of age [e.g. grouping by umbilical wound classes (UWCs), according to the size of their umbilicus]. To improve comparisons of early-life characteristics between studies, species and across populations, studies using UWCs should integrate quantitative changes. To overcome this issue, we set out to quantify changes in umbilicus size of neonatal blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) around the island of Moorea, French Polynesia, based on temporal regression relationships of umbilicus size. Here, we provide a detailed description for the construction of similar quantitative umbilical wound classifications, and we subsequently validate the accuracy of our classification and discuss two examples to illustrate its efficacy, depletion rate of maternally provided energy reserves and estimation of parturition period. A significant decrease in body condition in neonatal sharks as early as twelve days post-parturition suggests a rapid depletion of in utero-allocated energy reserves stored in the liver. Back calculations of timing of birth based on the umbilicus size of neonates determine a parturition season from September to January, with most parturitions occurring during October and November. As such, this study contributes valuable data to inform the conservation and management of young-of-the-year blacktip reef sharks, and we therefore encourage the construction and use of similar regression relationships for other viviparous shark species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coad028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T04:08:50Z","timestamp":1683778130000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Quantifying changes in umbilicus size to estimate the relative age of neonatal blacktip reef sharks (<i>Carcharhinus melanopterus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shamil F","family":"Debaere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornella C","family":"Weideli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soneva Fushi, Boduthakurufaanu Magu , Male 20077, Maldives"},{"name":"Dr Risch Medical Laboratory , Wuhrstrasse 14, 9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein"},{"name":"PSL Research University, Universit\u00e9 de Perpignan EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, , 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian A","family":"Bouyoucos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PSL Research University, Universit\u00e9 de Perpignan EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, , 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France"},{"name":"University of Manitoba Department of Biological Sciences, , 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada"},{"name":"James Cook University ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, , Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim B","family":"Eustache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PSL Research University, Universit\u00e9 de Perpignan EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, , 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France"},{"name":"University of Amsterdam Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, , Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 E","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago Department of Marine Science, , Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"De Boeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Planes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PSL Research University, Universit\u00e9 de Perpignan EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, , 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France"},{"name":"PSL Research University, UPVD, USR 3278 CRIOBE Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence \u2018CORAIL\u2019, EPHE, , 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodie L","family":"Rummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Cook University ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, , Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia"},{"name":"James Cook University Marine Biology, College of Science and Engineering, , Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051011041735500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1975.tb04588.x","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of temperature on wound healing in a tropical and a temperate teleost","volume":"7","author":"Anderson","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"2023051011041735500_ref2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Early 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