{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:14:36Z","timestamp":1762863276939,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":225,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC Discovery Grants","award":["RGPIN 473\u20132012 and RGPIN-2017-03843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN 473\u20132012 and RGPIN-2017-03843"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of the University of Antwerp"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pacific spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, move to shallow coastal waters during critical reproductive life stages and are thus at risk of encountering hypoxic events which occur more frequently in these areas. For effective conservation management, we need to fully understand the consequences of hypoxia on marine key species such as elasmobranchs. Because of their benthic life style, we hypothesized that S. suckleyi are hypoxia tolerant and able to efficiently regulate oxygen consumption, and that anaerobic metabolism is supported by a broad range of metabolites including ketones, fatty acids and amino acids. Therefore, we studied oxygen consumption rates, ventilation frequency and amplitude, blood gasses, acid\u2013base regulation, and changes in plasma and tissue metabolites during progressive hypoxia. Our results show that critical oxygen levels (Pcrit) where oxyregulation is lost were indeed low (18.1% air saturation or 28.5\u00a0Torr at 13\u00b0C). However, many dogfish behaved as oxyconformers rather than oxyregulators. Arterial blood PO2 levels mostly decreased linearly with decreasing environmental PO2. Blood gases and acid\u2013base status were dependent on open versus closed respirometry but in both set-ups ventilation frequency increased. Hypoxia below Pcrit resulted in an up-regulation of anaerobic glycolysis, as evidenced by increased lactate levels in all tissues except brain. Elasmobranchs typically rely on ketone bodies as oxidative substrates, and decreased concentrations of acetoacetate and \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate were observed in white muscle of hypoxic and\/or recovering fish. Furthermore, reductions in isoleucine, glutamate, glutamine and other amino acids were observed. After 6\u00a0hours of normoxic recovery, changes persisted and only lactate returned to normal in most tissues. This emphasizes the importance of using suitable bioindicators adjusted to preferred metabolic pathways of the target species in conservation physiology. We conclude that Pacific spiny dogfish can tolerate severe transient hypoxic events, but recovery is slow and negative impacts can be expected when hypoxia persists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coae054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T11:18:11Z","timestamp":1723547891000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spiny dogfish, <i>Squalus suckleyi<\/i>, shows a good tolerance for hypoxia but need long recovery times"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0941-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gudrun","family":"De Boeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, , Groenenborgerlaaan 171, 2020 Antwerp , Belgium"},{"name":"Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre , 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield BC V0R 1B0 , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Lardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, , Groenenborgerlaaan 171, 2020 Antwerp , Belgium"},{"name":"Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre , 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield BC V0R 1B0 , Canada"},{"name":"INVE Aquaculture , Hoogveld 93, 9200 Dendermonde , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marleen","family":"Eyckmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, , Groenenborgerlaaan 171, 2020 Antwerp , Belgium"},{"name":"Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre , 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield BC V0R 1B0 , Canada"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trung Nghia","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, , Middelheimlaan 1, 2020 Antwerp , Belgium"},{"name":"Karolinska Institutet Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, , Nobels v\u00e4g 12A, 171 65 Solna , Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8217-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kris","family":"Laukens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, , Middelheimlaan 1, 2020 Antwerp , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Dommisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp Department of Chemistry, , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9542-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris M","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre , 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield BC V0R 1B0 , Canada"},{"name":"University of British Columbia Department of Zoology, , 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 , Canada"},{"name":"McMaster University Department of Biology, , 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024081311180476300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jeb183830","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.183830","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory interactions in the Pacific spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi","volume":"221","author":"Acharya-Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2024081311180476300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2011.08.015","article-title":"The endocrinology of 1\u03b1 -hydroxycorticosterone in elasmobranch fish: A review","volume":"162","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"2024081311180476300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(97)00272-1","article-title":"Jaws: the inside story. 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