{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:37:15Z","timestamp":1791236235083,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":360,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters Zone H Fisheries Research Grant"},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000184","name":"Trent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000184","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008137","name":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individual- and population-level responses to thermal change will be pivotal for species\u2019 resilience and adaptive responses to climate change. Thermal tolerance of ectotherms has been extensively studied under laboratory conditions, but comparatively few studies have assessed intra- and interpopulation variation under natural conditions or in situ. We measured field critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations at twenty sites across Ontario, Canada, to assess their thermal tolerance in situ and examine potential factors underlying intraspecific variation in thermal performance. We modelled CTmax as a function of acclimation using short-term stream temperature data to assess interpopulation variation, and used full-season stream temperatures to calculate thermal safety margins (TSM) for each population. CTmax ranged between 27.41 and 30.46\u00b0C and acclimation periods between 4 and 40\u00a0days were strong predictors of site CTmax, aligning closely with lab-based studies. Seasonal temperature profiles varied substantially among sites, with mean 30-day stream temperature accounting for 66% of the among-site variation in CTmax. TSMs ranged between 0.51 and 15.51\u00b0C and reflected differences among site thermal regimes. Streams in watersheds with more urban or agricultural development had the lowest TSMs in addition to those that were fed by lake surface water. This work emphasizes the importance of locally based conservation and management practices that act at or below the population level, as local factors beyond acclimation temperature were partly responsible for variation in thermal tolerance and thus dictate the resiliency of brook trout under climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coae086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T15:25:23Z","timestamp":1733239523000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Local conditions drive interpopulation variation in field-based critical thermal maximum of brook trout"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9948-3481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin M C","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University , 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2586-697X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob C","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Trent University , 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9528-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris C","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section, Trent University , 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham D","family":"Raby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University , 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, Trent University , 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040107470629300_ref1","volume-title":"Comparative evaluation of effective population size genetic estimation methods in wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations","author":"Alshamlih","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025040107470629300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/02705060.2013.784880","article-title":"Potential impacts of climate change on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations in streams draining the Laurel Hill in Pennsylvania","volume":"28","author":"Argent","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Freshwater Ecol"},{"key":"2025040107470629300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2419.2004.00323.x","article-title":"Mechanism of body cavity temperature regulation of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during homing migration in the North Pacific Ocean","volume":"14","author":"Azumaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fish Oceanogr"},{"key":"2025040107470629300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8454(2002)064&lt;0233:DIIPAS&gt;2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Differences in incubation period and survival of embryos among brook trout strains","volume":"64","author":"Baird","year":"2002","journal-title":"North Am J Aquac"},{"key":"2025040107470629300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1577\/T02-127","article-title":"Behavioral thermoregulation of brook and rainbow trout: comparison of summer habitat use in an Adirondack river, New York","volume":"132","author":"Baird","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans Am Fish Soc"},{"key":"2025040107470629300_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1985)5&lt;364:DORBSR&gt;2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Dimensions of riparian buffer strips required to maintain trout habitat in southern Ontario streams","volume":"5","author":"Barton","year":"1985","journal-title":"North Am J Fish Manag"},{"key":"2025040107470629300_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1139\/f59-016","article-title":"Active respiration of fish in relation to ambient concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide","volume":"16","author":"Basu","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Fish Res Board Can"},{"key":"2025040107470629300_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1139\/z64-083","article-title":"Respiration of fishes with special emphasis on standard oxygen consumption: iv. 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