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Though there are no universally accepted protocols to determine water diversion risk, previous studies on sturgeon suggest that laboratory evaluations of swimming performance are an effective way to describe susceptibility to entrainment or impingement. The swimming performance of juvenile Green Sturgeon (~5\u00a0cm fork length), Acipenser medirostris, was quantified for fish acclimated to 13 and 18\u00b0C for 2\u00a0weeks using fixed water velocity endurance tests. Water velocities ranged from 25 to 55\u00a0cm\u00a0s\u22121, and time-to-fatigue was measured at 5\u00a0cm\u00a0s\u22121 increments. Green Sturgeon were quicker to exhaust at the lower acclimation temperature (13\u00b0C) compared to fish acclimated to 18\u00b0C, for example at 40\u00a0cm\u00a0s\u22121 13\u00b0C acclimated fish impinged ~7.7 times faster than 18\u00b0C acclimated fish and\u2009~41.3 times quicker at water velocities of 45\u00a0cm\u00a0s\u22121. Whole-body cortisol grouped by time-to-fatigue (i.e. sustained swimming: time-to-fatigue &amp;gt;200\u00a0min, prolonged swimming: time-to-fatigue between 5 and 200\u00a0min, rapid swimming: time-to-fatigue &amp;lt;5\u00a0min, and non-swimming: control fish) was highest following the swimming experiment for fish utilizing prolonged swimming strategies regardless of temperature exposure. Furthermore, whole body lactate was elevated in fish utilizing prolonged and rapid swimming strategies compared to sustained and control non-swimming fish. Taken together, when swimming to exhaustion, these results suggest that Green Sturgeon were upregulating stress markers and relying on anaerobic metabolism, although both the above trends were driven by 18\u00b0C acclimated fish. The time-to-fatigue data suggest that the risk of entrainment was reduced to zero at water speeds \u2264\u200929.4\u00a0cm\u00a0s\u22121 for 18\u00b0C and\u2009\u2264\u200922.6\u00a0cm\u00a0s\u22121 for 13\u00b0C acclimated fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coaf003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T02:14:01Z","timestamp":1739326441000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Endurance swimming performance and physiology of juvenile Green Sturgeon (\n                    <i>Acipenser medirostris<\/i>\n                    ) at different temperatures"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-9422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly D","family":"Hannan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA, 95616 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1420-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna E","family":"Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA, 95616 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikayla R","family":"Debarros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA, 95616 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis E","family":"Cocherell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA, 95616 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0144-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA, 95616 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5419-0282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nann A","family":"Fangue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA, 95616 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