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However, its populations are highly vulnerable to various threats, including marine pollution. Rapa Nui (Easter Island), an isolated location in the southeastern Pacific, provides vital foraging habitats for both morphotypes of Pacific C. mydas (black and yellow). In this study, we examined the demographic structure (morphotype, life stage, sex) and health status (based on blood analytes and mercury-Hg concentration) of C. mydas on Rapa Nui during 2018 and 2023. Turtles from various life stages and sexes were observed, with a predominance of yellow morphotype juveniles, likely recently recruited or emerging from brumation. Haematological analyses revealed low levels of several key analytes (e.g. cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, globulins), suggesting poor nutritional status, potentially related to the brumation process, limited food availability or poor food quality in the region. Alterations in both red and white blood cell lines, including anaemia and lymphopenia, indicate ongoing inflammatory states and infections, consistent with clinical observations. Rapa Nui turtles exhibited some of the highest blood Hg concentrations globally. Abnormalities in blood profiles, along with correlations between various analytes and blood Hg concentrations, suggest altered immune function and probable renal and liver dysfunction, likely resulting from both natural and anthropogenic sources of this heavy metal. Additionally, a very high body condition index in turtles with carapace lesions suggests a negative impact from human food subsidies in local bays, particularly from high-trophic-level fish, which may also serve as a pathway for Hg accumulation, both for the turtle aggregation and the human population. Our findings underscore the urgent need for long-term mercury monitoring and turtle movement studies to identify pollution sources, inform effective conservation strategies for this endangered species, and address potential public health concerns on this remote Pacific island.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coaf019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T02:16:16Z","timestamp":1744251376000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mercury exposure and health challenges in Rapa Nui green turtles: urging conservation and long-term monitoring in the South Pacific"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4963-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Varas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso , Av. Universidad 330, Zip code 2373223, Valpara\u00edso ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Centro de Ecolog\u00eda y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oce\u00e1nicas (ESMOI), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte , Larrondo 1281, Zip code 781421, Coquimbo ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Qarapara Tortugas Marinas Chile NGO , Las Flores Oriente 2725, Zip code 7940560, Santiago ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1956-5697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eamy","family":"Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qarapara Tortugas Marinas Chile NGO , Las Flores Oriente 2725, Zip code 7940560, Santiago ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile , Las Palmeras 3425, Zip code 7800003, Santiago ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico Veterinario SpVet , Arturo Prat 705, Zip code 9500037, Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana, Santiago ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello , Av. Rep\u00fablica 440, Zip code 8370251, Santiago ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile , Av. Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna 4860, Zip code 7820436, Santiago ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8006-8693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Palma-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso , Av. Universidad 330, Zip code 2373223, Valpara\u00edso ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nels","family":"Hereveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fishermen's Union Hanga Roa O'tai , Rapa Nui ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayade","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TeMar Pacific Ocean Care NGO , Rapa Nui ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4504-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro para la Resiliencia, Adaptaci\u00f3n y Mitigaci\u00f3n (CReAM), Universidad Mayor , Zip code 4801043 Temuco ,","place":["Chile"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello , Av. 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