{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:53:32Z","timestamp":1767772412830,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK034987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK034987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011684","name":"Crohn's and Colitis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a growing interest in the role of gut bacteria in a number of diseases and an emerging hypothesis that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is triggered by microbial dysbiosis in genetically susceptible individuals. Currently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is utilized for the treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Data on the efficacy of FMT for IBD are mixed, but patients are interested in its use for the treatment of IBD. We sought to describe the use of FMT (self or medical professional administered) in individuals with IBD using IBD Partners, an Internet-based cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients enrolled in the IBD Partners cohort were offered the opportunity to complete an optional survey on the use of FMT between January 2017 to September 2018 (n = 5430). A cross-sectional analysis was performed within patients who completed the survey and did not have a pouch or ostomy. Patients\u2019 demographic characteristics, disease activity and phenotype, mode of FMT delivery, and patient-reported efficacy were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 3274 eligible patients, 51 (1.6%) responded that they had an FMT in the past. Of patients undergoing FMT, 22 patients had the FMT for C. difficile while 29 reported that the FMT was for another indication. Most patients receiving FMT for an indication other than C. difficile had ulcerative colitis\/indeterminate colitis (25, 86.2%). Colonoscopy (68.2%) and nasogastric tube (18.2%) were the most common routes of administration for patients receiving FMT for C. difficile colitis. Self-administration (72.4%) and enemas (17.2%) were the most common routes of administration in patients receiving FMT for an alternate indication. Patients reporting FMT for an indication other than C. difficile were less likely to have a physician directing their FMT treatment (20.6%) as compared to patients receiving FMT for C. difficile (86.3%). Patient-reported efficacy was lower for FMT given for a non-C. difficile indication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients undergoing FMT for an indication other than C. difficile infection were more likely to have ulcerative colitis, self-administer FMT, and were less likely to be receiving FMT under the guidance of a medical professional. FMT was not as effective for symptoms when given for a non-C. difficile indication. Patients should be counseled on potential harms and lack of proven benefit associated with FMT for IBD indications to try to discourage self-administered FMT without proper medical oversite.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/crocol\/otaa024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T19:14:42Z","timestamp":1586891682000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characteristics of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Christina M","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Millie D","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert S","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14805","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i40.14805","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota pathogenesis and fecal microbiota transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32835a4b3e","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation: past, present and future","volume":"29","author":"Aroniadis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2009","article-title":"Gut microbiota in health and disease","volume":"90","author":"Sekirov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.304","article-title":"Association between the use of antibiotics and new diagnoses of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"106","author":"Shaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14201","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"46","author":"Quraishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy149","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults and children: 2017 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)","volume":"66","author":"McDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.4","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections","volume":"108","author":"Surawicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f520","article-title":"Patient perceptions of fecal microbiota transplantation for ulcerative colitis","volume":"19","author":"Kahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22895","article-title":"Development of an internet-based cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (CCFA Partners): methodology and initial results","volume":"18","author":"Long","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21400","article-title":"Short CDAI: development and validation of a shortened and simplified Crohn\u2019s disease activity index","volume":"17","author":"Thia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.29","article-title":"A simple clinical colitis activity index","volume":"43","author":"Walmsley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.128231","article-title":"Excess hospitalisation burden associated with Clostridium difficile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"57","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20046","article-title":"Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on 8-week remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"321","author":"Costello","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.001","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"149","author":"Moayyedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.03.045","article-title":"Findings from a randomized controlled trial of fecal transplantation for patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"149","author":"Rossen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30182-4","article-title":"Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Paramsothy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx063","article-title":"Faecal microbiota transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Paramsothy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619845986","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant for Crohn disease: a study evaluating safety, efficacy, and microbiome profile","volume":"7","author":"Gutin","year":"2019","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J."},{"key":"2023031013053497200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000441348.32570.34","article-title":"Validation of an internet-based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease (CCFA partners)","volume":"20","author":"Randell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."}],"container-title":["Crohn's &amp; Colitis 360"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/crohnscolitis360\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/crocol\/otaa024\/33099277\/otaa024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/crohnscolitis360\/article-pdf\/2\/2\/otaa024\/49501846\/crohnscolitis360_2_2_otaa024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/crohnscolitis360\/article-pdf\/2\/2\/otaa024\/49501846\/crohnscolitis360_2_2_otaa024.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T22:54:18Z","timestamp":1696028058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/crohnscolitis360\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/crocol\/otaa024\/5821504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/crocol\/otaa024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2631-827X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2631-827X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"article-number":"otaa024"}}