{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:58:04Z","timestamp":1769119084775,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08DK097721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08DK097721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AR077565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AR077565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Noninvasive screening and disease monitoring are an unmet need in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a validated technique for microvascular surveillance in rheumatologic diseases. NFC uses magnified photography to examine nail bed capillaries called end row loops (ERL). We aimed to identify variations in NFC in pediatric IBD patients and their associations with disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pediatric patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy controls were recruited. NFC was performed on patients with newly diagnosed IBD prior to initiating therapy, patients with established IBD, and controls. ERLs were quantified along with a 3mm distance on 8 nailfolds. Serum biomarker levels of disease activity and symptoms activity indexes were correlated with average ERL density digits on both hands. Statistics were performed using chi-squared, ANOVA, and linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-one IBD patients and 16 controls were recruited. ERL density was significantly decreased in IBD (Control: 19.2 ERL\/3mm vs UC: 15.6 ERL\/3mm vs CD: 15.4 ERL\/3mm; P &amp;lt; .0001). ERL density was lower in UC patients with lower albumin levels (P = .02, r2 = 0.29).The change in ERL density over time predicted the change in pediatric CD activity index among CD patients (P = .048, r2 = 0.58) with treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data demonstrate ERL density is reduced in IBD compared to controls. Lower albumin levels correlated with lower ERL density in UC. In newly diagnosed CD, ERL density increases over time as disease activity improves with therapy. NFC may be a feasible biomarker of disease activity and utilized for monitoring IBD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/crocol\/otab069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T19:56:28Z","timestamp":1635278188000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nailfold Capillaroscopy as a Biomarker in the Evaluation of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob A","family":"Kurowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonal R","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1275-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua B","family":"Wechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa R","family":"Izaguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Dell Children\u2019s Medical Center of Central Texas , Austin, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle A","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA"},{"name":"The CureJM Center of Excellence in Juvenile Myositis Research and Care , Leesburg, Virginia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren M","family":"Pachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA"},{"name":"The CureJM Center of Excellence in Juvenile Myositis Research and Care , Leesburg, Virginia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey B","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23299","article-title":"Persistent association of nailfold capillaroscopy changes and skin involvement over thirty-six months with duration of untreated disease in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis.","volume":"58","author":"Christen-Zaech","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27379","article-title":"Association of normal nailfold end row loop numbers with a shorter duration of untreated disease in children with juvenile dermatomyositis.","volume":"62","author":"Ostrowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.83.2.278","article-title":"Childhood dermatomyositis: serial microvascular studies.","volume":"83","author":"Silver","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0004","first-page":"1644","article-title":"Skin involvement in juvenile dermatomyositis is associated with loss of end row nailfold capillary loops.","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0005","first-page":"657","article-title":"Pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.","volume":"25","author":"Warren","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341235","article-title":"The role of nailbed vasospasm in Crohn\u2019s 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(IBDnow).","volume":"69","author":"Vernon-Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0010","first-page":"2083","article-title":"Utility and reliability of digital nailfold capillaroscopy in children with juvenile dermatomyositis: three methods.","volume":"888","author":"Morgan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker403","article-title":"A multicentre study on the reliability of qualitative and quantitative nail-fold videocapillaroscopy assessment.","volume":"51","author":"Hofstee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0763-y","article-title":"The vasculitis in IBD is associated with the degree of inflammation.","volume":"55","author":"Kruschewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2015.60","article-title":"Microangiopathy triggers, and inducible nitric oxide synthase exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.","volume":"95","author":"Saijo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23341","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic study of oral prednisolone compared with intravenous methylprednisolone in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis.","volume":"59","author":"Rouster-Stevens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13175","article-title":"Review article: applying pharmacokinetics to optimise dosing of anti-TNF biologics in acute severe ulcerative colitis.","volume":"41","author":"Rosen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022111812283843000_CIT0016","first-page":"797","article-title":"The influence of age on nailfold capillary dimensions in childhood.","volume":"27","author":"Herrick","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["Crohn's &amp; Colitis 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