{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:59:42Z","timestamp":1790348382377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proposed treatment algorithms favor the use of upadacitinib in medically refractory Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). There has not yet been data published regarding efficacy of prolonged induction in CD or the efficacy of re-escalation to induction dosing in patients with either CD or UC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of prolonged and\/or re-escalation upadacitinib therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and prior inadequate response to standard upadacitinib treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective, dual-center study of the efficacy of prolonged induction or re-escalation of upadacitinib in patients with IBD with prior inadequate response to standard upadacitinib treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-five patients met eligibility criteria. Thirty-nine (70.9%) persisted on upadacitinib therapy while 16 (29.1%) met the primary endpoint for upadacitinib failure. Of those that had comparative objective data, 62.5% had improvement in endoscopic activity, 100% had normalization of an elevated CRP, and 83.3% experienced a decrease in FCP by &amp;gt;50%. There were no new safety signals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over two-thirds of patients met the primary endpoint of persistence on therapy without requiring surgery, steroids, or additional biologic\/small molecule inhibitor during follow-up. In a subset of patients who had adequate baseline and follow up objective data, the majority of patients had improvement in mucosal healing, decrease by 50% in FCP, and normalization of CRP. This study shows promising results that prolonged upadacitinib induction or dose re-escalation may improve clinical outcomes in a medically refractory patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/crocol\/otag021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T11:34:30Z","timestamp":1777116870000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment outcomes of prolonged induction or re-escalation dosing of upadacitinib in patients with inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ellen","family":"Axenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5649-6215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasantham","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Langone Health , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W","family":"Clinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Frohlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington, DC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond K","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Medical Center, The Center for Inflammatory Bowel and Colorectal Diseases , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan E","family":"Axelrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Langone Health , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092510111095900_otag021-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318448","article-title":"JAK selectivity for inflammatory bowel disease treatment: does it clinically matter?","volume":"68","author":"Danese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"2026092510111095900_otag021-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002485","article-title":"A review of available medical therapies to treat moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"119","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2026092510111095900_otag021-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17816","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib for 16-week extended induction and 52-week maintenance therapy in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis","volume":"59","author":"Panaccione","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2026092510111095900_otag021-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)00581-5","article-title":"Upadacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results from three phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trials","volume":"399","author":"Danese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2026092510111095900_otag021-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212728","article-title":"Upadacitinib induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"388","author":"Loftus","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2026092510111095900_otag021-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35689","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000035689","article-title":"Comparative of the effectiveness and safety of biological agents, small molecule drugs, and microbiome therapies in ulcerative colitis: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026092510111095900_otag021-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328052","article-title":"Efficacy of biological therapies and small molecules in induction and maintenance of remission in luminal Crohn\u2019s disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Barberio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"2026092510111095900_otag021-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002674","article-title":"Effectiveness of upadacitinib for patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis: A multicenter experience","volume":"119","author":"Berinstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Crohn\u2019s &amp; Colitis 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