{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:23:27Z","timestamp":1789903407575,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Foundation","award":["148401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["148401"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G-16-00012708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-16-00012708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No studies have assessed the specific contributions of atrial fibrillation (AF)-related atrial vs. associated ventricular arrhythmia to remodelling. This study assessed the roles of atrial arrhythmia vs. high ventricular\u00a0rate in AF-associated remodelling.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four primary dog-groups (12\/group) were subjected to 3-week pacing: 600-b.p.m. atrial tachypacing maintaining AF [AF w\/o- atrioventricular block (AVB)]; atrial tachypacing with atrioventricular-node ablation (AF+AVB) and ventricular-demand pacing (80 b.p.m.); 160-b.p.m. ventricular-tachypacing (V160) reproducing the response rate during AF; and sinus rhythm with AVB\/ventricular-pacing at 80-b.p.m. (control group). At terminal study, left-atrial (LA) effective refractory period (ERP) was reduced equally in both AF groups (w\/o-AVB and AF+AVB). AF-inducibility was increased strongly in AF groups (w\/o-AVB and AF+AVB) and modestly in V160. AF duration was significantly increased in AF w\/o-AVB but not in AF+AVB or V160. Conduction velocity was decreased in AF w\/o-AVB, to a greater extent than in AF+AVB and V160. Atrial fibrous-tissue content was increased in AF w\/o-AVB, AF+AVB and V160, with collagen-gene up-regulation only in AF w\/o-AVB. Connexin43 gene expression was reduced only in AF w\/o-AVB. An additional group of 240-b.p.m. ventricular tachypacing dogs (VTP240; to induce heart failure) was studied: vs. other tachypaced groups, VTP240 caused greater fibrosis, but no change in LA-ERP or AF-inducibility. VTP240 also increased AF duration, strongly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, and was the only group with LA natriuretic-peptide activation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The atrial tachyarrhythmia and rapid ventricular response during AF produce distinct atrial remodelling; both contribute to the arrhythmogenic substrate, providing new insights into AF-related remodelling and novel considerations for ventricular rate-control.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T20:09:23Z","timestamp":1579291763000},"page":"462-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Role of atrial arrhythmia and ventricular response in atrial fibrillation induced atrial remodelling"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4696-7722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Guichard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Saint-\u00c9tienne, University Jean Monnet, Saint-\u00c9tienne 42000, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"L\u2019Heureux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4291-8314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roddy","family":"Hiram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiening","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Naud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8200-8983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Tardif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-9988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Saint-\u00c9tienne, University Jean Monnet, Saint-\u00c9tienne 42000, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5565-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley","family":"Nattel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"IHU LIRYC and Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303211","article-title":"The clinical profile and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation: relationships among clinical features, epidemiology, and mechanisms","volume":"114","author":"Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv275","article-title":"The value of basic research insights into atrial fibrillation mechanisms as a guide to therapeutic innovation: a critical analysis","volume":"109","author":"Heijman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.555","article-title":"Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation: recent advances and translational perspectives","volume":"63","author":"Nattel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.7.1954","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats","volume":"92","author":"Wijffels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.81.4.512","article-title":"Ionic remodeling underlying action potential changes in a canine model of atrial fibrillation","volume":"81","author":"Yue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.80.6.772","article-title":"Outward K+ current densities and Kv1.5 expression are reduced in chronic human atrial fibrillation","volume":"80","author":"Van Wagoner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.07.013","article-title":"Atrial cardiomyocyte tachycardia alters cardiac fibroblast function: a novel consideration in atrial remodeling","volume":"76","author":"Burstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004742","article-title":"Dominant frequency increase rate predicts transition from paroxysmal to long-term persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"129","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.07.475","article-title":"Mechanisms and clinical significance of arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"34","author":"Raymond-Paquin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001337","article-title":"Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"362","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.1.87","article-title":"Promotion of atrial fibrillation by heart failure in dogs: atrial remodeling of a different sort","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.077","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation promotion with long-term repetitive obstructive sleep apnea in a rat model","volume":"64","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000109501.47603.0C","article-title":"Dissociation between ionic remodeling and ability to sustain atrial fibrillation during recovery from experimental congestive heart failure","volume":"109","author":"Cha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.08.007","article-title":"Marked differences between atrial and ventricular gene-expression remodeling in dogs with experimental heart failure","volume":"45","author":"Cardin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000151517.43137.97","article-title":"Development of a substrate of atrial fibrillation during chronic atrioventricular block in the goat","volume":"111","author":"Neuberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.10.3710","article-title":"Electrical remodeling due to atrial fibrillation in chronically instrumented conscious goats: roles of neurohumoral changes, ischemia, atrial stretch, and high rate of electrical activation","volume":"96","author":"Wijffels","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.1313","article-title":"Cardiac fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"66","author":"Dzeshka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2003.12.013","article-title":"Pathophysiological findings in a model of persistent atrial fibrillation and severe congestive heart failure","volume":"61","author":"Bauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.02.042","article-title":"Atrial and ventricular fibrosis induced by atrial fibrillation: evidence to support early rhythm control","volume":"5","author":"Avitall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.07.015","article-title":"Taking the pulse of atrial fibrillation: practical approach to rate control","volume":"34","author":"Aguilar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.06.002","article-title":"Contemporary atrial fibrillation management: a comparison of the current AHA\/ACC\/HRS, CCS, and ESC Guidelines","volume":"33","author":"Andrade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.09.017","article-title":"The effects of rate and irregularity on sympathetic nerve activity in human subjects","volume":"4","author":"Segerson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-010-9532-2","article-title":"Canine left ventricle electromechanical behavior under different pacing modes","volume":"35","author":"Vo Thang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2021021105053445100_cvaa007-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00032-2","article-title":"Pacing-induced heart failure: a model to study the mechanism of disease progression and novel therapy in heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Moe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa007\/31956110\/cvaa007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/117\/2\/462\/36230751\/cvaa007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/117\/2\/462\/36230751\/cvaa007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T18:48:33Z","timestamp":1613155713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article\/117\/2\/462\/5715577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6363","1755-3245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6363","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]}}}