{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T16:14:58Z","timestamp":1785946498595,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health\u2019s"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL-098503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL-098503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL-137832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL-137832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL144146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL144146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15GRANT24970002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15GRANT24970002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiac sympathetic overactivation is an important trigger of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Our previous study demonstrated that N-type calcium (Cav2.2) currents in cardiac sympathetic post-ganglionic (CSP) neurons were increased in CHF. This study investigated the contribution of Cav2.2 channels in cardiac sympathetic overactivation and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in CHF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rat CHF was induced by surgical ligation of the left coronary artery. Lentiviral Cav2.2-\u03b1 shRNA or scrambled shRNA was transfected in vivo into stellate ganglia (SG) in CHF rats. Final experiments were performed at 14\u2009weeks after coronary artery ligation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot data showed that in vivo transfection of Cav2.2-\u03b1 shRNA reduced the expression of Cav2.2-\u03b1 mRNA and protein in the SG in CHF rats. Cav2.2-\u03b1 shRNA also reduced Cav2.2 currents and cell excitability of CSP neurons and attenuated cardiac sympathetic nerve activities (CSNA) in CHF rats. The power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) further revealed that transfection of Cav2.2-\u03b1 shRNA in the SG normalized CHF-caused cardiac sympathetic overactivation in conscious rats. Twenty-four-hour continuous telemetry electrocardiogram recording revealed that this Cav2.2-\u03b1 shRNA not only decreased incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia\/ventricular fibrillation but also improved CHF-induced heterogeneity of ventricular electrical activity in conscious CHF rats. Cav2.2-\u03b1 shRNA also decreased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in anaesthetized CHF rats. However, Cav2.2-\u03b1 shRNA failed to improve CHF-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction. Scrambled shRNA did not affect Cav2.2 currents and cell excitability of CSP neurons, CSNA, HRV, and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in CHF rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overactivation of Cav2.2 channels in CSP neurons contributes to cardiac sympathetic hyperactivation and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in CHF. This suggests that discovering purely selective and potent small-molecule Cav2.2 channel blockers could be a potential therapeutic strategy to decrease fatal ventricular arrhythmias in CHF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T15:09:11Z","timestamp":1579619351000},"page":"137-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Inhibition of N-type calcium channels in cardiac sympathetic neurons attenuates ventricular arrhythmogenesis in heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Dongze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyin","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaojun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, 710061,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha 410011,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan T","family":"Hackfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4398-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L","family":"Muelleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C","family":"Wadman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5407-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Long","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE 68198,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Dilemmas in end-stage heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Chen-Scarabelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.04.017","article-title":"Heart rate turbulence predicts all-cause mortality and sudden death in congestive heart failure patients","volume":"5","author":"Cygankiewicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.6.616","article-title":"Effectiveness and limitations of beta-blocker therapy in congenital long-QT syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Moss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442201","article-title":"Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure","volume":"344","author":"Packer","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000145047.14691.db","article-title":"What causes sudden death in heart failure?","volume":"95","author":"Tomaselli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.045","article-title":"Left stellate ganglion and vagal nerve activity and cardiac arrhythmias in ambulatory dogs with pacing-induced congestive heart failure","volume":"50","author":"Ogawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.302549","article-title":"Role of the autonomic nervous system in modulating cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"114","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0297-8","article-title":"The autonomic nervous system and cardiac arrhythmias: current concepts and emerging therapies","volume":"16","author":"Herring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu185","article-title":"Inhibition of N-type Ca2+ channels ameliorates an imbalance in cardiac autonomic nerve activity and prevents lethal arrhythmias in mice with heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Yamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-014-9541-0","article-title":"Left cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with heart failure: a new indication for an old intervention?","volume":"7","author":"De Ferrari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Trans Res"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.035","article-title":"Cardiac sympathetic denervation for refractory ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"69","author":"Vaseghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015731","article-title":"Clinical management of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: the role of left cardiac sympathetic denervation","volume":"131","author":"De Ferrari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-017-0512-z","article-title":"What is the role of cardiac sympathetic denervation for recurrent ventricular tachycardia?","volume":"19","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-3-50","article-title":"Excision of sympathetic ganglia and the rami communicantes with histological confirmation offers better early and late outcomes in video assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy","volume":"3","author":"Rathinam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.003413","article-title":"Left cardiac sympathetic denervation: should we sweat the side effects?","volume":"8","author":"Webster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5323","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.081089398","article-title":"Functional disorders of the sympathetic nervous system in mice lacking the alpha 1B subunit (Cav 2.2) of N-type calcium channels","volume":"98","author":"Ino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.4.403","article-title":"N-Type calcium channels control sympathetic neurotransmission in human heart atrium","volume":"101","author":"Molderings","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C132","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00223.2013","article-title":"Heart failure-induced changes of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and cell excitability in rat cardiac postganglionic neurons","volume":"306","author":"Tu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00252","article-title":"Correlation of ventricular arrhythmogenesis with neuronal remodeling of cardiac postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the late stage of heart failure after myocardial infarction","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.04.020","article-title":"Endothelin receptor\u2014a blockade decreases ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction in rats","volume":"67","author":"Baltogiannis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.2.253","article-title":"Arrhythmias and death after coronary artery occlusion in the rat. Continuous telemetric ECG monitoring in conscious, untethered rats","volume":"92","author":"Opitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002195","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve stimulation, not circulating norepinephrine, modulates T-peak to T-end interval by increasing global dispersion of repolarization","volume":"8","author":"Yagishita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3543","article-title":"Cardiac BIN1 folds T-tubule membrane, controlling ion flux and limiting arrhythmia","volume":"20","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1949","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00903.2008","article-title":"Effect of ATP-sensitive potassium channel agonists on sympathetic hyperinnervation in postinfarcted rat hearts","volume":"296","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02057","article-title":"In vivo transfection of manganese superoxide dismutase gene or nuclear factor kappaB shRNA in nodose ganglia improves aortic baroreceptor function in heart failure rats","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007457","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007457","article-title":"Reduced N-Type Ca(2+) channels in atrioventricular ganglion neurons are involved in ventricular arrhythmogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","article-title":"Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology","volume":"93","author":"Malik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.543","article-title":"The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors","volume":"141","author":"Thayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.015","article-title":"The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications","volume":"54","author":"Triposkiadis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.09.007","article-title":"Spontaneous stellate ganglion nerve activity and ventricular arrhythmia in a canine model of sudden death","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10844","article-title":"Neurotransmitter switching coupled to beta-adrenergic signaling in sympathetic neurons in prehypertensive states","volume":"71","author":"Bardsley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B33","first-page":"108","article-title":"[2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac Death. The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology]","volume":"17","author":"Priori","year":"2016","journal-title":"G Ital Cardiol (Rome)"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii1","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu236.2","article-title":"Beta-blockers do not prevent the pro-arrhythmic action of high-level sympathetic stimulation: a role for neuropeptide Y?","volume":"16","author":"Kalla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.30.1_supplement.756.2","article-title":"Pro-arrhythmic effects of the cardiac sympathetic co-transmitter, neuropeptide-Y, during ischemia-reperfusion and ST elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"30","author":"Herring","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01281","article-title":"The role of neuropeptide Y in cardiovascular health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.07.064","article-title":"Left thoracoscopic sympathectomy for cardiac denervation in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"147","author":"Hofferberth","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.06.024","article-title":"Substrates and potential therapeutics of ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure","volume":"833","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.09.1107","article-title":"Optogenetic modulation of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity to prevent ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"70","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22913.x","article-title":"Molecular properties of calcium channels in skeletal muscle and neurons","volume":"681","author":"Catterall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C121","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00311.2013","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of dysautonomia during heart failure. Focus on \u201cHeart failure-induced changes of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and cell excitability in rat cardiac postganglionic neurons\u201d","volume":"306","author":"Cuevas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.06.023","article-title":"Regulation of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels and presynaptic function by cyclin-dependent kinase 5","volume":"75","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/eupc.2000.0136","article-title":"Limitations of the use of spectral analysis of heart rate variability for the estimation of cardiac sympathetic activity in heart failure","volume":"3","author":"Notarius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80355-5","article-title":"Role of beta-adrenergic receptor downregulation in the peak exercise response in patients with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"76","author":"White","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.6.1449","article-title":"Absence of low-frequency variability of sympathetic nerve activity in severe heart failure","volume":"95","author":"van de Borne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.01.017","article-title":"Tpeak-Tend interval as a marker of arrhythmic risk","volume":"16","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.11.022","article-title":"Dispersion of repolarization in canine ventricle and the electrocardiographic T wave: tp-e interval does not reflect transmural dispersion","volume":"4","author":"Opthof","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.11.046","article-title":"The peak-to-end of the T wave in the limb ECG leads reflects total spatial rather than transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization in an anthopleurin-A model of prolonged QT interval","volume":"9","author":"Izumi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.05.028","article-title":"Does Tpeak-Tend provide an index of transmural dispersion of repolarization?","volume":"4","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026041420134932400_cvaa018-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14123","article-title":"Experimental verification of the value of the Tpeak-Tend interval in ventricular arrhythmia inducibility in an early repolarization syndrome model","volume":"30","author":"Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa018\/32219611\/cvaa018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/117\/1\/137\/35877970\/cvaa018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/117\/1\/137\/35877970\/cvaa018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:23:35Z","timestamp":1776212615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article\/117\/1\/137\/5717428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6363","1755-3245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6363","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]}}}