{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:16:09Z","timestamp":1787238969753,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP1-HL123271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP1-HL123271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL142496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL142496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL126802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL126802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31-HL152525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31-HL152525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001674","name":"Foundation Leducq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-SDG-30440006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-SDG-30440006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Provost\u2019s Undergraduate Research Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Direct remuscularization with pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) seeks to address the onset of heart failure post-myocardial infarction (MI) by treating the persistent muscle deficiency that underlies it. However, direct remuscularization with PSC-CMs could potentially be arrhythmogenic. We investigated two possible mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis\u2014focal vs. re-entrant\u2014arising from direct remuscularization with PSC-CM patches in two personalized, human ventricular computer models of post-MI. Moreover, we developed a principled approach for evaluating arrhythmogenicity of direct remuscularization that factors in the VT propensity of the patient-specific post-MI fibrotic substrate and use it to investigate different conditions of patch remuscularization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two personalized, human ventricular models of post-MI (P1 and P2) were constructed from late gadolinium enhanced (LGE)-magnetic resonance images (MRIs). In each model, remuscularization with PSC-CM patches was simulated under different treatment conditions that included patch engraftment, patch myofibril orientation, remuscularization site, patch size (thickness and diameter), and patch maturation. To determine arrhythmogenicity of treatment conditions, VT burden of heart models was quantified prior to and after simulated remuscularization and compared. VT burden was quantified based on inducibility (i.e. weighted sum of pacing sites that induced) and severity (i.e. the number of distinct VT morphologies induced). Prior to remuscularization, VT burden was significant in P1 (0.275) and not in P2 (0.0, not VT inducible). We highlight that re-entrant VT mechanisms would dominate over focal mechanisms; spontaneous beats emerging from PSC-CM grafts were always a fraction of resting sinus rate. Moreover, incomplete patch engraftment can be particularly arrhythmogenic, giving rise to particularly aberrant electrical activation and conduction slowing across the PSC-CM patches along with elevated VT burden when compared with complete engraftment. Under conditions of complete patch engraftment, remuscularization was almost always arrhythmogenic in P2 but certain treatment conditions could be anti-arrhythmogenic in P1. Moreover, the remuscularization site was the most important factor affecting VT burden in both P1 and P2. Complete maturation of PSC-CM patches, both ionically and electrotonically, at the appropriate site could completely alleviate VT burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified that re-entrant VT would be the primary VT mechanism in patch remuscularization. To evaluate the arrhythmogenicity of remuscularization, we developed a principled approach that factors in the propensity of the patient-specific fibrotic substrate for VT. We showed that arrhythmogenicity is sensitive to the patient-specific fibrotic substrate and remuscularization site. We demonstrate that targeted remuscularization can be safe in the appropriate individual and holds the potential to non-destructively eliminate VT post-MI in addition to addressing muscle deficiency underlying heart failure progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T21:01:21Z","timestamp":1618952481000},"page":"1247-1261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Assessment of arrhythmia mechanism and burden of the infarcted ventricles following remuscularization with pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte patches using patient-derived models"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8282-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph K","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation (ADVANCE), Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 216 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1475-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jialiu A","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3042-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William H","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6616-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Pashakhanloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9918-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation (ADVANCE), Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 216 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9048-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick M","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8661-063X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia A","family":"Trayanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 208 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD 21218,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation (ADVANCE), Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, 216 Hackerman, Baltimore, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.026","article-title":"Dynamics of cell generation and turnover in the human heart","volume":"161","author":"Bergmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164680","article-title":"Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans","volume":"324","author":"Bergmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"137","author":"Benjamin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14737.1","article-title":"Recent advances in heart transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Kittleson","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B5","first-page":"1394","article-title":"Transplantation of fetal myocardial tissue into the infarcted myocardium of rat. A potential method for repair of infarcted myocardium?","volume":"94","author":"Qui\u00f1ones","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2000.104865","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of fetal cardiomyocyte and skeletal myoblast transplantation on postinfarction left ventricular function","volume":"119","author":"Scorsin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000075089.39335.8C","article-title":"Physiological coupling of donor and host cardiomyocytes after cellular transplantation","volume":"92","author":"Rubart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06321","article-title":"Engraftment of connexin 43-expressing cells prevents post-infarct arrhythmia","volume":"450","author":"Roell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118769","article-title":"Genetically selected cardiomyocytes from differentiating embronic stem cells form stable intracardiac grafts","volume":"98","author":"Klug","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1848","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200250109","article-title":"Robust cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells via temporal modulation of canonical Wnt signaling","volume":"109","author":"Lian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.150","article-title":"Directed cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells by modulating Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling under fully defined conditions","volume":"8","author":"Lian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2999","article-title":"Chemically defined generation of human cardiomyocytes","volume":"11","author":"Burridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13233","article-title":"Human embryonic-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerate non-human primate hearts","volume":"510","author":"Chong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19815","article-title":"Allogeneic transplantation of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerates primate hearts","volume":"538","author":"Shiba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11317","article-title":"Human ES-cell-derived cardiomyocytes electrically couple and suppress arrhythmias in injured hearts","volume":"489","author":"Shiba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.545","article-title":"In vivo assessment of the electrophysiological integration and arrhythmogenic risk of myocardial cell transplantation strategies","volume":"28","author":"Gepstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030785","article-title":"Large cardiac muscle patches engineered from human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac cells improve recovery from myocardial infarction in swine","volume":"137","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906504107","article-title":"Nanoscale cues regulate the structure and function of macroscopic cardiac tissue constructs","volume":"107","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4956","article-title":"Flexible shape-memory scaffold for minimally invasive delivery of functional tissues","volume":"16","author":"Montgomery","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363ra148","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf8781","article-title":"Cardiac repair in guinea pigs with human engineered heart tissue from induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Weinberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.01.002","article-title":"Engineered cardiac tissue patch maintains structural and electrical properties after epicardial implantation","volume":"159","author":"Jackman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306985","article-title":"Human engineered heart muscles engraft and survive long term in a rodent myocardial infarction model","volume":"117","author":"Riegler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4162","article-title":"Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes restore function in infarcted hearts of non-human primates","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.040","article-title":"Neonatal transplantation confers maturation of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes conducive to modeling cardiomyopathy","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2016.10.009","article-title":"In vivo maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in neonatal and adult rat hearts","volume":"8","author":"Kadota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.04.005","article-title":"Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerate the infarcted pig heart but induce ventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"12","author":"Romagnuolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9831","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46409-z","article-title":"Human iPS cell-derived engineered heart tissue does not affect ventricular arrhythmias in a guinea pig cryo-injury model","volume":"9","author":"Pecha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11437","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11437","article-title":"Arrhythmia risk stratification of patients after myocardial infarction using personalized heart models","volume":"7","author":"Arevalo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B29","first-page":"I32","article-title":"Experimental models of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation caused by ischemia and infarction","volume":"85","author":"Wit","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1014","article-title":"Electromechanical integration of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"22","author":"Kehat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0282-2","article-title":"Personalized virtual-heart technology for guiding the ablation of infarct-related ventricular tachycardia","volume":"2","author":"Prakosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-012-0593-5","article-title":"A novel rule-based algorithm for assigning myocardial fiber orientation to computational heart models","volume":"40","author":"Bayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1088","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00109.2006","article-title":"Alternans and spiral breakup in a human ventricular tissue model","volume":"291","author":"ten Tusscher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2007.07.012","article-title":"Solvers for the cardiac bidomain equations","volume":"96","author":"Vigmond","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2003.09.017","article-title":"Computational tools for modeling electrical activity in cardiac tissue","volume":"36","author":"Vigmond","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004499","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.116.004499","article-title":"Outside-in subepicardial dissection during percutaneous epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation","volume":"9","author":"Jincun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.06.022","article-title":"Dissecting sub-epicardial hematoma\u2013challenges to surgical management","volume":"26","author":"Shekar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01946-x","article-title":"Cardiopatch platform enables maturation and scale-up of human pluripotent stem cell-derived engineered heart tissues","volume":"8","author":"Shadrin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.04.002","article-title":"Functional properties of engineered heart slices incorporating human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes","volume":"12","author":"Blazeski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B40","first-page":"H1627","article-title":"Magnetic resonance myocardial fiber-orientation mapping with direct histological correlation","volume":"274","author":"Hsu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.44.5.701","article-title":"Influence of cardiac fiber orientation on wavefront voltage, conduction velocity, and tissue resistivity in the dog","volume":"44","author":"Roberts","year":"1979","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0833-3","article-title":"Computational models of ventricular- and atrial-like human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes","volume":"41","author":"Paci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.09.056","article-title":"Engineered electrical conduction tract restores conduction in complete heart block: from in vitro to in vivo proof of concept","volume":"64","author":"Cingolani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.05.018","article-title":"Image-based left ventricular shape analysis for sudden cardiac death risk stratification","volume":"11","author":"Vadakkumpadan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B45","first-page":"539","article-title":"Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association","volume":"18","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.09.049","article-title":"Angiogenic pretreatment improves the efficacy of cellular cardiomyoplasty performed with fetal cardiomyocyte implantation","volume":"127","author":"Retuerto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0016-3","article-title":"Advanced maturation of human cardiac tissue grown from pluripotent stem cells","volume":"556","author":"Ronaldson-Bouchard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.08.012","article-title":"Maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes by soluble factors from human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"26","author":"Yoshida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05600-w","article-title":"Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes cultured in 3D engineered heart tissue show physiological upstroke velocity and sodium current density","volume":"7","author":"Lemoine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45586-1","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-based three-dimensional structural modeling and heterogeneous tissue channel detection in ventricular arrhythmia","volume":"9","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006131","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.006131","article-title":"Role of 3-dimensional architecture of scar and surviving tissue in ventricular tachycardia: insights from high-resolution ex vivo porcine models","volume":"11","author":"Pashakhanloo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.11.012","article-title":"Adipose tissue-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells improve left ventricular dysfunction in porcine ischemic cardiomyopathy model","volume":"36","author":"Shudo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2019.04.006","article-title":"Molecular imaging of cardiac regenerative medicine","volume":"9","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Opin Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.03.004","article-title":"Vascularization is the key challenge in tissue engineering","volume":"63","author":"Novosel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012002","DOI":"10.1088\/2516-1091\/ab5637","article-title":"Vascularization in tissue engineering: fundamentals and state-of-art","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1291","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00111.2005","article-title":"A novel model of cryoinjury-induced myocardial infarction in the mouse: a comparison with coronary artery ligation","volume":"289","author":"van den Bos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.10.008","article-title":"Overexpression of Kir2.1 channel in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes attenuates posttransplantation proarrhythmic risk in myocardial infarction","volume":"10","author":"Liao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0131446","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131446","article-title":"Enhanced electrical integration of engineered human myocardium via intramyocardial versus epicardial delivery in infarcted rat hearts","volume":"10","author":"Gerbin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4069","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b04924","article-title":"Gold nanorod-based engineered cardiac patch for suture-free engraftment by near IR","volume":"18","author":"Malki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1601007","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601007","article-title":"A conducting polymer with enhanced electronic stability applied in cardiac models","volume":"2","author":"Mawad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006920","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006920","article-title":"Three-dimensional printed biopatches with conductive ink facilitate cardiac conduction when applied to disrupted myocardium","volume":"12","author":"Pedrotty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S371","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s250","article-title":"Myocardial, perivascular, and epicardial fat","volume":"34","author":"Iozzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2532082290","article-title":"Myocardial fat deposition after left ventricular myocardial infarction: assessment by using MR water-fat separation imaging","volume":"253","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0046-4","article-title":"The epicardium as a hub for heart regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15372","article-title":"Epicardial FSTL1 reconstitution regenerates the adult mammalian heart","volume":"525","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0197-9","article-title":"Epicardial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells augment cardiomyocyte-driven heart regeneration","volume":"37","author":"Bargehr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1160\/TH09-08-0530","article-title":"Advances in cardiovascular molecular imaging for tracking stem cell therapy","volume":"104","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18544","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18544","article-title":"Variability of action potentials within and among cardiac cell clusters derived from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05604-8","article-title":"Precardiac organoids form two heart fields via Bmp\/Wnt signaling","volume":"9","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3021","article-title":"Epigenetic priming of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells accelerates cardiomyocyte maturation","volume":"37","author":"Biermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313249","article-title":"Metabolic maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes by inhibition of HIF1alpha and LDHA","volume":"123","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026041420141194800_cvab140-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45684-0","article-title":"A comprehensive, multiscale framework for evaluation of arrhythmias arising from cell therapy in the whole post-myocardial infarcted heart","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvab140\/37894600\/cvab140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/118\/5\/1247\/43027478\/cvab140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/118\/5\/1247\/43027478\/cvab140.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:24:43Z","timestamp":1776212683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article\/118\/5\/1247\/6243725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvab140","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6363","1755-3245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6363","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]}}}