{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:48:50Z","timestamp":1792021730024,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":200,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aldosterone\u2019s role in the kidney and its pathophysiologic actions in hypertension are well known. However, its role or that of its receptor [minieralocorticoid receptor (MR)] in other cardiovascular (CV) disease are less well described. To identify their potential roles in six CV conditions (heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, stroke, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis), we assessed these associations in the following four areas: (i) mechanistic studies in rodents and humans; (ii) pre-clinical studies of MR antagonists; (iii) clinical trials of MR antagonists; and (iv) genetics. The data were acquired from an online search of the National Library of Medicine using the PubMed search engine from January 2011 through June 2021. There were 3702 publications identified with 200 publications meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data strongly supported an association between heart failure and dysregulated aldosterone\/MR. This association is not surprising given aldosterone\/MR\u2019s prominent role in regulating sodium\/volume homeostasis. Atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction are also associated with dysregulated aldosterone\/MR, but less strongly. For the most part, the data were insufficient to determine whether there was a relationship between atherosclerosis, stroke, or thrombosis and aldosterone\/MR dysregulation. This review clearly documented an expanding role for aldosterone\/MR\u2019s dysregulation in CV diseases beyond hypertension. How expansive it might be is limited by the currently available data. It is anticipated that with an increased focus on aldosterone\/MR\u2019s potential roles in these diseases, additional clinical and pre-clinical data will clarify these relationships, thereby, opening approaches to use modulators of aldosterone\/MR\u2019s action to more precisely treat these CV conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T19:18:35Z","timestamp":1648495115000},"page":"28-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Aldosterone and cardiovascular diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-9621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wasita W","family":"Parksook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok , Thailand"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon H","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031717462595700_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02155834","article-title":"Isolation from the adrenals of a new crystalline hormone with especially high effectiveness on mineral 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