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However, the interactions between heart and gut microbiota remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of gut microbiota in the post-ischaemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) inflammatory microenvironment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we conducted a case-control study to explore the association of gut bacteria translocation products with inflammation biomarkers and I\/R injury severity in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Then, we used a mouse model to determine the effects of myocardial I\/R injury on gut microbiota dysbiosis and translocation. Blooming of Proteobacteria was identified as a hallmark of post-I\/R dysbiosis, which was associated with gut bacteria translocation. Abrogation of gut bacteria translocation by antibiotic cocktail alleviated myocardial I\/R injury via mitigating excessive inflammation and attenuating myeloid cells mobilization, indicating the bidirectional heart\u2013gut\u2013microbiome\u2013immune axis in myocardial I\/R injury. Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), an endocrine peptide produced by intestinal L-cells, was used in the experimental myocardial I\/R model. GLP-2 administration restored gut microbiota disorder and prevented bacteria translocation, eventually attenuated myocardial I\/R injury through alleviating systemic inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our work identifies a bidirectional communication along the heart\u2013gut\u2013microbiome\u2013immune axis in myocardial I\/R injury and demonstrates gut bacteria translocation as a key regulator in amplifying inflammatory injury. Furthermore, our study sheds new light on the application of GLP-2 as a promising therapy targeting gut bacteria translocation in myocardial I\/R injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T10:13:27Z","timestamp":1674728007000},"page":"1390-1402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Heart\u2013gut microbiota communication determines the severity of cardiac injury after myocardial ischaemia\/reperfusion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1879-2387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinxuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University , No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008 , 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