{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:27:53Z","timestamp":1788546473106,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]],"date-time":"2023-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship"},{"name":"BHF Intermediate Fellowship"},{"name":"BHF Ph.D. studentship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011716","name":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Royal College of Anaesthetists Basic Science Career Development Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001297","name":"Royal College of Anaesthetists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The brain controls the heart by dynamic recruitment and withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) and sympathetic activity. Autonomic control is essential for the development of cardiovascular responses during exercise, however, the patterns of changes in the activity of the two autonomic limbs, and their functional interactions in orchestrating physiological responses during exercise, are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in vagal parasympathetic drive in response to exercise and exercise training by directly recording the electrical activity of vagal preganglionic neurons in experimental animals (rats).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Single unit recordings were made using carbon-fibre microelectrodes from the populations of vagal preganglionic neurons of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and the dorsal vagal motor nucleus of the brainstem. It was found that (i) vagal preganglionic neurons of the NA and the dorsal vagal motor nucleus are strongly activated during bouts of acute exercise, and (ii) exercise training markedly increases the resting activity of both populations of vagal preganglionic neurons and augments the excitatory responses of NA neurons during exercise.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These data show that central vagal drive increases during exercise and provide the first direct neurophysiological evidence that exercise training increases vagal tone. The data argue against the notion of exercise-induced central vagal withdrawal during exercise. We propose that robust increases in the activity of vagal preganglionic neurons during bouts of exercise underlie activity-dependent plasticity, leading to higher resting vagal tone that confers multiple health benefits associated with regular exercise.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]],"date-time":"2023-07-30T17:06:12Z","timestamp":1690736772000},"page":"2329-2341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Immediate and sustained increases in the activity of vagal preganglionic neurons during exercise and after exercise training"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Alla","family":"Korsak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology , University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel O","family":"Kellett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology , University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qadeer","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology , University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cali","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7703-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Tinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth L","family":"Ackland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3068-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V","family":"Gourine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology , University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023102421144508000_cvad115-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430170057028","article-title":"Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. 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