{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:46:42Z","timestamp":1792003602272,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CE140100003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE140100003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lin Huddleston Heart Foundation Fellowship"},{"name":"ARC Future Fellowship","award":["FT180100565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT180100565"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the emergence of novel diagnostic, pharmacological, interventional, and prevention strategies, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Nanoparticle (NP)-based platforms encompass diverse imaging, delivery, and pharmacological properties that provide novel opportunities for refining diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis at the cellular and molecular levels. Macrophages play a critical role in atherosclerosis and therefore represent an important disease-related diagnostic and therapeutic target, especially given their inherent ability for passive and active NP uptake. In this review, we discuss an array of inorganic, carbon-based, and lipid-based NPs that provide magnetic, radiographic, and fluorescent imaging capabilities for a range of highly promising research and clinical applications in atherosclerosis. We discuss the design of NPs that target a range of macrophage-related functions such as lipoprotein oxidation, cholesterol efflux, vascular inflammation, and defective efferocytosis. We also provide examples of NP systems that were developed for other pathologies such as cancer and highlight their potential for repurposing in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss the current state of play and the future of theranostic NPs. Whilst this is not without its challenges, the array of multifunctional capabilities that are possible in NP design ensures they will be part of the next frontier of exciting new therapies that simultaneously improve the accuracy of plaque diagnosis and more effectively reduce atherosclerosis with limited side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T23:48:59Z","timestamp":1714607339000},"page":"819-838","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Targeting macrophages with multifunctional nanoparticles to detect and prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Nankivell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achini K","family":"Vidanapathirana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayla","family":"Hoogendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne T M","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Verjans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"Psaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brant C","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"School of Science, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"School of Engineering, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Goldys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales , High Street, NSW, 2052 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , 101 College Street, Toronto, M5G 1L7 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0682-8760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina A","family":"Bursill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)"},{"name":"Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000 , 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