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Current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of ageing revealed the processes actively promoting ageing, e.g. progressive telomere shortening, and the mechanisms opposing it, e.g. endogenous production of antioxidant substances. This knowledge can be used to measure biological age at cellular and molecular levels and to interfere with it by pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions. Biological ageing is determined by the simultaneous occurrence of independent hallmarks, which encompass a wide range of biological processes, from genomic changes to systemic inflammation and dysbiosis. This narrative review will summarize the role of ageing hallmarks in the cardiovascular system, how they can be measured, and what are the possible interventions to counteract their effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T18:15:41Z","timestamp":1724350541000},"page":"1509-1523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Trajectories of cardiovascular ageing\u2014from molecular mechanisms to clinical implementation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4358-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Ministrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich , Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian A","family":"Wenzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center 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