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These mRNAs were found to be consistently positioned within specific cellular zones, overlapping with their target mRNAs and forming region-specific transcript conjunctions. This spatial organization aligns with two distinct protein synthesis pathways: centralized synthesis near the nucleus for proteins such as Cx43 and localized synthesis in more peripheral cytosolic areas for proteins like RyR2. Ablation of Calm1 triggered compensatory increases in Calm2 and Calm3; however, this compensation was insufficient to restore normal CaM transcript distribution, leading to disrupted Ca\u00b2\u207a handling. In the context of hypertrophic heart failure (HF), the distribution and spatial interactions of CaM transcripts, while potentially adaptive to support myocyte growth, become disrupted, leading to disorganized CaM signalling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings reveal that Calm1, Calm2, and Calm3 fulfil distinct, non-redundant roles in cardiac myocytes through their spatially regulated mRNA localization (spatiotemporal coding). This precise spatial control of mRNA localization is critical for region-specific CaM signalling and is disrupted in hypertrophic HF, contributing to pathological remodelling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaf059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T07:34:15Z","timestamp":1745307255000},"page":"1052-1065","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Distinct intracellular spatiotemporal expression of Calmodulin genes underlies functional diversity of Calmodulin-dependent signalling in cardiac myocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9287-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Bogdanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan I E","family":"Mariangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M","family":"Soltisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University , 2124 Fontana Labs, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Sakuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Pokrass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Beard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Hernandez","family":"Orengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Kalinin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ulker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bennett","family":"Yunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Tikunova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. 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Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J","family":"Hund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University , 2124 Fontana Labs, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University , 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8364-2222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rengasayee","family":"Veeraraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dorothy M. 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