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Several studies have reported the presence of these particles in various human tissues, including the heart, arterial plaques, and bloodstream of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Emerging research suggests an association between these particles and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that micro- and nanoplastics induce endothelial cell toxicity, disrupt lipid metabolism, promote oxidative stress, and facilitate foam cell formation, thereby exacerbating atherosclerosis. Furthermore, they activate inflammatory pathways, compromising vascular barrier integrity. These particles also influence coagulation dynamics by altering clotting cascade activation and promoting thrombus formation. Additionally, they induce haemolysis, alter red blood cell morphology, and impair immune cell functions, including those of macrophages and lymphocytes, by modulating cytokine secretion and inflammatory responses. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for devising effective public health strategies to mitigate the cardiovascular impact of micro- and nanoplastics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaf068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T05:25:43Z","timestamp":1744867543000},"page":"992-1010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Tiny trouble: microplastics, nanoplastics, and their heartfelt impact on cardiovascular health"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7873-6884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tongyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center , Jiujiang 332005 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Queen Mary School, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2168-5960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajie","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center , Jiujiang 332005 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Queen Mary School, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1720-8620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitao","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University , Nanchang, 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