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This study evaluated the relationship between vegetable consumption and dyslipidaemia among Africans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of vegetable consumption (servings\/week) was assessed in this study involving 13 172 participants, including 6586 pairs of dyslipidaemia cases and non-cases (matched for age within \u00b15 years, sex, and country), in a matched case\u2013control design. Multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the odds of dyslipidaemia across quartiles of frequency of vegetable consumption at a two-sided P &amp;lt; 0.05. The mean age was 52.18 \u00b1 10.15 years, and 6898 (52.4%) were females. The median (IQR) vegetable consumption intake was 7.0 (2.0, 14.0) servings per week and the prevalence of dyslipidaemia by the distribution of vegetable consumption was 1776 (52.0%) for low (first quartile), 1530 (49.9%) for moderate (second quartile), 1720 (49.2%) for sufficient (third quartile), and 1560 (48.9%) for high (fourth quartile) frequency of vegetable consumption. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) of dyslipidaemia odds by the distribution of vegetable consumption were 1.00 for low, 0.89 (0.80, 0.99) for moderate, 0.84 (0.75, 0.93) for sufficient, and 0.81 (0.72, 0.92) for high; P for trend = 0.005, with a OR (95%CI) of 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) per +7 servings\/week change after adjusting for age, family history of cardiovascular diseases, education, ever smoked, currently consume alcohol, physical inactivity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus status, and hypertension. A similar trend was observed for low high-density lipoprotein (&amp;lt;40\u2005mg\/dL): 1.00 for low, 0.90 (0.78, 1.04) for moderate, 0.93 (0.81, 1.06) for medium, and 0.80 (0.68, 0.94) for high; P for trend = 0.01, adjusting for similar covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher vegetable consumption was associated with lower odds of dyslipidaemia in this sample of Africans after accounting for multiple covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvag032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:08:32Z","timestamp":1769515712000},"page":"467-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dose\u2013response association between vegetable consumption and dyslipidaemia among continental Africans in five countries: evidence from the SIREN and AWI-Gen studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4825-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinkunmi Paul","family":"Okekunle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University , Seoul ,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osahon Jeffery","family":"Asowata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University , Greenville, NC ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Centre for Health Disparities, East Carolina University , Greenville, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifeoluwa Jesuloluwa","family":"Owoseni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adekunle","family":"Fakunle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University , Osogbo ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedict","family":"Calys-Tagoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School , Korle Bu, Accra ,","place":["Ghana"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reginald O","family":"Obiako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital , Zaria ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0802-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Olowoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital , Ido-Ekiti ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University , Ado-Ekiti ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oladotun","family":"Olalusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Ibinaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oyedunni Sola","family":"Arulogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Chrisland University , Owode, Abeokuta ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morenikeji","family":"Komolafe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeniyi","family":"Sunday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital , Ilorin ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayomide","family":"Owolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ijezie","family":"Chukwuonye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre , Umahia ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oladimeji","family":"Adebayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan 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K","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Ovbiagele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onoja Matthew","family":"Akpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis , Memphis, TN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Biosciences (SBIMB), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-3070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayowa","family":"Owolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Department of Medicine, University College Hospital , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]},{"name":"Blossom Specialist Medical Centre , Ibadan ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032611352186200_cvag032-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","article-title":"Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"403","author":"GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026032611352186200_cvag032-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","article-title":"Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"393","author":"GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"The 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