{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:09:53Z","timestamp":1793329793210,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003390","name":"Fritz-Thyssen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.22.2.024MN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.22.2.024MN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GE 3461\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GE 3461\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID 512461526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 512461526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology","award":["ID 390857198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 390857198"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003493","name":"Hertie Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ID P1230035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID P1230035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202306170051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202306170051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"VA MERIT","award":["1I01CX002560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01CX002560"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008456","name":"Taubman Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL150392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL150392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017271","name":"Vascular Dementia Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00HG012956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00HG012956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL136685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL136685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG059729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG059729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK123013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK123013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Melvyn Rubenfire Professorship in Preventive Cardiology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atherosclerosis is currently evaluated by imaging, but scalable circulating biomarkers to detect its presence and quantify overall burden are lacking. We sought to define plasma proteomic signatures that reflect the systemic burden of atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In UK Biobank, we trained machine-learning models on plasma proteomics in a nested, propensity score\u2013matched case\u2013control sample (1666 cases; 1666 controls; Olink Explore 3072, 2920 proteins) to derive four AtheroBurden signatures: one based on the entire proteome (all 2920 proteins) and three biologically informed subsets\u2014genetically anchored (n = 402), atherogenesis-related (n = 680), and artery-enriched (n = 248). We then computed individual-level signatures in 41 200 disease-free participants and validated their performance through (i) correlation with carotid plaque burden via ultrasound (n = 1712); (ii) prospective major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) prediction over 13.7 year follow-up using multivariable Cox models and incremental prediction over Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation version 2 (SCORE2) [\u0394C-index; net reclassification improvement (NRI)], as well as in the external Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4 (n = 1361) and Age1 (n = 796) cohorts; and (iii) longitudinal trajectories analysis in 1210 participants with 3 serial proteomic measurements. All four AtheroBurden signatures robustly discriminated prevalent atherosclerotic disease (receiver operating characteristic area under curve up to 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89\u20130.93) with their levels significantly increasing with the number of clinically affected vascular beds. We found significant correlations with carotid ultrasound\u2013measured plaque burden. In prospective analysis, each signature exhibited strong associations with incident MACE [hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation increase in whole-proteome signature: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.68\u20131.83; HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 3.18, 95% CI: 2.8\u20133.61], providing significant improvements in risk discrimination (\u0394C-index: +0.044; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and reclassification [NRI: 0.12 (95% CI: 0.09\u20130.15) at a 10% risk threshold] beyond SCORE2. These results were replicated in the KORA S4 and KORA-Age1 cohorts, where the signatures were associated with risk of future myocardial infarction and stroke. Furthermore, longitudinal analyses demonstrated steeper annual increases in proteomic signature among individuals with higher burden of vascular risk factors and individuals who experienced MACE over follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma proteomic signatures effectively capture atherosclerotic burden and improve cardiovascular risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. They may complement existing risk stratification by serving as a scalable and accessible blood-based screening tool to identify individuals more likely to have subclinical atherosclerosis and may benefit from confirmatory imaging and earlier prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvag140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T09:04:47Z","timestamp":1782723887000},"page":"1589-1608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proteomic signatures as biomarkers of atherosclerosis burden"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6798-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, LMU Medizin, LMU Munich , Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6126-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murad","family":"Omarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, LMU Medizin, LMU Munich , Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LingLing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, LMU Medizin, LMU Munich , Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barnali","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital , 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie M","family":"Hauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Petrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 100 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha N","family":"Goonewardena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, VA Ann Arbor Health System , 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Zeggini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health , Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM University Hospital, TUM School of Medicine and Health , Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t , Marchioninistr. 15, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg , Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 8a\/9, Munich 80336 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0654-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Dichgans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, LMU Medizin, LMU Munich , Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 8a\/9, Munich 80336 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) , Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh L","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Thorand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t , Marchioninistr. 15, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg , Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-3659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios K","family":"Georgakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, LMU Medizin, LMU Munich , Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) , Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks, 1990-2022","volume":"82","author":"Mensah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00055-8","article-title":"The Lancet Commission on rethinking coronary artery disease: moving from ischaemia to atheroma","volume":"405","author":"Zaman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2001","article-title":"The immune system in atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Hansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01323","article-title":"Inflammation in atherosclerosis","volume":"420","author":"Libby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415879","article-title":"Global effect of cardiovascular risk factors on lifetime estimates","volume":"393","author":"Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B7","first-page":"101138","article-title":"The burden of cardiovascular disease in Asia from 2025 to 2050: a forecast analysis for East Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia, Central Asia, and high-income Asia Pacific regions","volume":"49","author":"Goh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001256","article-title":"Forecasting the burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke in the United States through 2050-prevalence of risk factors and disease: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"150","author":"Joynt Maddox","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.005","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Goff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579","article-title":"General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"117","author":"D'Agostino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B11","article-title":"Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study","volume":"357","author":"Hippisley-Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.03.033","article-title":"Noninvasive imaging to assess atherosclerotic plaque composition and disease activity: coronary and carotid applications","volume":"13","author":"Daghem","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311756","article-title":"Emerging magnetic resonance imaging techniques for atherosclerosis imaging","volume":"39","author":"Wust","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00970-7","article-title":"PET\/MR imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Senders","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.320138","article-title":"Assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic people in vivo: measurements suitable for biomarker and Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"44","author":"Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae557","article-title":"Systemic inflammation and health outcomes in patients receiving treatment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"45","author":"Mazhar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa083","article-title":"High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays for cardiovascular risk stratification in the general population","volume":"41","author":"Farmakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0665-2","article-title":"Plasma protein patterns as comprehensive indicators of health","volume":"25","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06563-x","article-title":"Large-scale plasma proteomics comparisons through genetics and disease associations","volume":"622","author":"Eldjarn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-022-00830-7","article-title":"High-throughput proteomics: a methodological mini-review","volume":"102","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00888-2","article-title":"Early detection of Parkinson\u2019s disease through multiplex blood and urine biomarkers prior to clinical diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48961-3","article-title":"Plasma proteomics identify biomarkers predicting Parkinson's disease up to 7 years before symptom onset","volume":"15","author":"Hallqvist","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00565-0","article-title":"Plasma proteomic profiles predict future dementia in healthy adults","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26817","article-title":"Proteomic indicators of health predict Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarker levels and dementia risk","volume":"95","author":"Dark","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adf5681","article-title":"Proteomics analysis of plasma from middle-aged adults identifies protein markers of dementia risk in later life","volume":"15","author":"Walker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2024.100561","article-title":"Identification of biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer by proteomic analysis in two prospective cohorts","volume":"4","author":"Lyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Genom"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48017-6","article-title":"Identifying proteomic risk factors for cancer using prospective and exome analyses of 1463 circulating proteins and risk of 19 cancers in the UK Biobank","volume":"15","author":"Papier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8873","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52894-2","article-title":"Plasma proteomic and polygenic profiling improve risk stratification and personalized screening for colorectal cancer","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02056-y","article-title":"Broad-capture proteomics and machine learning for early detection of type 2 diabetes risk","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1830","article-title":"Proteomic predictors of incident diabetes: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"46","author":"Rooney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05943-2","article-title":"Associations of plasma proteomics with type 2 diabetes and related traits: results from the longitudinal KORA S4\/F4\/FF4 study","volume":"66","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51990","article-title":"Plasma proteomic profiles of UK Biobank participants with multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Jacobs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41483","article-title":"Association of a serum protein signature with rheumatoid arthritis development","volume":"73","author":"O'Neil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03164-7","article-title":"Proteomic aging clock predicts mortality and risk of common age-related diseases in diverse populations","volume":"30","author":"Argentieri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13258","article-title":"Evaluation of large-scale proteomics for prediction of cardiovascular events","volume":"330","author":"Helgason","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.070454","article-title":"A proteomics-based approach for prediction of different cardiovascular diseases and dementia","volume":"151","author":"Ho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-2328","article-title":"Development and validation of a protein risk score for mortality in heart failure: a community cohort study","volume":"177","author":"Kuku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae124","article-title":"Large-scale plasma proteomics in the UK Biobank modestly improves prediction of major cardiovascular events in a population without previous cardiovascular disease","volume":"31","author":"Royer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02143-z","article-title":"Association of plasma proteomics with incident coronary heart disease in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes: results from the population-based KORA study","volume":"23","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.073457","article-title":"Proteomic signatures for risk prediction of atrial fibrillation","volume":"152","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-025-01285-y","article-title":"Circulating inflammation-related proteome improves cardiovascular risk prediction. Results from two large European cohort studies","volume":"40","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103874","article-title":"Unbiased plasma proteomics discovery of biomarkers for improved detection of subclinical atherosclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Nunez","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2024.107394","article-title":"Plasma proteins associate with carotid plaques and predict incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular events","volume":"156","author":"Baragetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e411","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.038887","article-title":"Targeted plasma proteomics to predict the development of carotid plaques","volume":"53","author":"Baragetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2024.01.011","article-title":"Plasma proteomics for prediction of subclinical coronary artery calcifications in primary prevention","volume":"271","author":"Royer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478600","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1478600","article-title":"Plasma proteomics and carotid intima-media thickness in the UK biobank cohort","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315597","article-title":"Plasma protein profile of carotid artery atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic outcomes: meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization analyses","volume":"41","author":"Lind","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad106","article-title":"A machine learning based approach to identify carotid subclinical atherosclerosis endotypes","volume":"119","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60924-6","article-title":"UK Biobank: bank on it","volume":"369","author":"Palmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.11.030","article-title":"Using propensity score matching to balance the baseline characteristics","volume":"16","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08","article-title":"Matchit: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference","volume":"42","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317732273","article-title":"Protocol and quality assurance for carotid imaging in 100,000 participants of UK Biobank: development and assessment","volume":"24","author":"Coffey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858235","article-title":"KORA\u2013a research platform for population based health research","volume":"67","author":"Holle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2021.100168","article-title":"Proximity extension assay in combination with next-generation sequencing for high-throughput proteome-wide analysis","volume":"20","author":"Wik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06547-x","article-title":"Rare variant associations with plasma protein levels in the UK Biobank","volume":"622","author":"Dhindsa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06592-6","article-title":"Plasma proteomic associations with genetics and health in the UK Biobank","volume":"622","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01850-y","article-title":"Noninvasive proteomic biomarkers for alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B59","author":"Omarov"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1159\/000343145","article-title":"Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness and plaque consensus (2004-2006-2011). An update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd, 4th and 5th watching the risk symposia, at the 13th, 15th and 20th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, Brussels, Belgium, 2006, and Hamburg, Germany, 2011","volume":"34","author":"Touboul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.03.014","article-title":"Performance of the 2021 race-free CKD-EPI creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimated GFR equations among kidney transplant recipients","volume":"80","author":"Hundemer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-011-0245-7","article-title":"[Multimorbidity and successful aging: the population-based KORA-Age study]","volume":"44","author":"Peters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.1.82","article-title":"Sex differences in risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the MONICA Augsburg cohort study","volume":"162","author":"Meisinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309","article-title":"SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe","volume":"42","author":"SCORE2 working group and ESC Cardiovascular risk collaboration","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B65","first-page":"1861","article-title":"Combined clinical, metabolomic, and polygenic scores for cardiovascular risk prediction","volume":"47","author":"Ritchie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01233-6","article-title":"Discovery and systematic characterization of risk variants and genes for coronary artery disease in over a million participants","volume":"54","author":"Aragam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3396","article-title":"A comprehensive 1000 Genomes\u2013based genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease","volume":"47","author":"Nikpay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","article-title":"Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update","volume":"44","author":"Kuleshov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz1776","article-title":"The GTEx Consortium atlas of genetic regulatory effects across human tissues","volume":"369","author":"GTEx Consortium","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B70","author":"Akiba"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B71","author":"Lundberg"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B72","first-page":"6638","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 31","author":"Prokhorenkova","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B73","author":"Inoue","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5647","article-title":"A unified inference procedure for a class of measures to assess improvement in risk prediction systems with survival data","volume":"32","author":"Uno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B75","author":"Qiu"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.1262","article-title":"Evaluation of the incremental value of a coronary artery calcium score beyond traditional cardiovascular risk assessment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"182","author":"Bell","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15073","article-title":"Proteomics of left ventricular structure in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Peterson","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15152","article-title":"Crosstalk between genetic variability of adiponectin and leptin, glucose-insulin system and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study 14","volume":"25","author":"Zusi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801623","article-title":"Plasma leptin is independently associated with the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery","volume":"25","author":"Ciccone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1636543","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2 and survival in peripheral artery disease patients","volume":"118","author":"Hobaus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52076","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2 associates with poor prognosis in Moyamoya angiopathy","volume":"11","author":"Gorla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.08.059","article-title":"Identification of susceptibility modules for coronary artery disease using a genome wide integrated network analysis","volume":"531","author":"Duan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs259","article-title":"Alpha11 integrin stimulates myofibroblast differentiation in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"96","author":"Talior-Volodarsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055084","article-title":"IGFBP-3 inhibits cytokine-induced insulin resistance and early manifestations of atherosclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Mohanraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058615","article-title":"Targeting of scavenger receptors stabilin-1 and stabilin-2 ameliorates atherosclerosis by a plasma proteome switch mediating monocyte\/macrophage suppression","volume":"146","author":"Manta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.08.015","article-title":"Implications for the role of lipopolysaccharide in the development of atherosclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Gorabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M047548","article-title":"The macrophage LBP gene is an LXR target that promotes macrophage survival and atherosclerosis","volume":"55","author":"Sallam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaf167","article-title":"Precision medicine requires precision proteomics: discordance between proteomic and clinical assays in UK Biobank","volume":"121","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03355-2","article-title":"Proteomic changes upon treatment with semaglutide in individuals with obesity","volume":"31","author":"Maretty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01689-3","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00896-5","article-title":"Risk of acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke following COVID-19 in Sweden: a self-controlled case series and matched cohort study","volume":"398","author":"Katsoularis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22574","article-title":"High accuracy of proximity extension assay technology for the quantification of plasma brain natriuretic peptide","volume":"32","author":"Arrigo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-023-09393-1","article-title":"Are the results from a multiplex proteomic assay and a conventional immunoassay for NT-proBNP and GDF-15 comparable?","volume":"20","author":"Skau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Proteomics"},{"key":"2026082610320092700_cvag140-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpac112","article-title":"Renin: measurements, correlates, and associations with long-term adverse kidney outcomes","volume":"36","author":"Blum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvag140\/68642556\/cvag140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/122\/12\/1589\/68642556\/cvag140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/122\/12\/1589\/68642556\/cvag140.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:32:27Z","timestamp":1787754747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article\/122\/12\/1589\/8721402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvag140","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6363","1755-3245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6363","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]}}}