{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:19:32Z","timestamp":1787757572617,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA1302500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1302500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82500506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82500506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515010416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515110266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515110266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020084","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202206010139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206010139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-PT320-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-PT320-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The phenotype alteration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is critical for vascular physiology and pathology. Transcription factors (TFs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in the gene regulatory network underlying various biological processes, including the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Despite the established role of Myocardin (MYOCD) as a master TF in VSMC biology, the MYOCD-mediated lncRNA-protein regulatory network in VSMC phenotype alteration remains elusive. Here, we explored lncRNAs potentially involved in MYOCD-dependent VSMC regulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an unbiased screening to identify key lncRNA regulators in this regulatory network using expression correlation analysis in diseased human arteries. As a result, we found that CARDINAL, a VSMC-enriched lncRNA located upstream of MYOCD, exhibited a strong positive expression correlation with MYOCD. Decreased CARDINAL expression was observed in atherosclerosis in both human and mouse models. Loss of CARDINAL induced phenotypic modulation in human VSMCs and promoted injury-induced neointima formation in mice. Gain-of-function of CARDINAL drove human VSMCs towards a contractile phenotype by activating MYOCD expression in a cis-regulatory manner. Mechanistically, CARDINAL recruited the ATAC histone acetyltransferase complex to the MYOCD promoter by interacting with the histone reader zinc finger ZZ-type containing 3 (ZZZ3). Subsequently, the complex increased histone acetylation at H3K4 and H3K9, thus activating the MYOCD promoter. Consequently, CARDINAL upregulated the expression of MYOCD and downstream contractile-related genes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings unveil the importance of CARDINAL as a key lncRNA regulator of VSMC phenotype alteration and highlight its potential as an RNA target for therapeutic application in vascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvag157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:47:09Z","timestamp":1783424829000},"page":"1705-1723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long non-coding RNA\n                    <i>CARDINAL<\/i>\n                    cis-activates\n                    <i>MYOCD<\/i>\n                    expression by recruiting histone reader ZZZ3 in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype alteration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Huimin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaozhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiquan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peihan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiqun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tailai","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youchen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4691-2430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaohong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5841-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingsong","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6508-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7054-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhan-Peng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxue","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University , 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049922","article-title":"Fate and state of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"143","author":"Miano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0512-5","article-title":"Atheroprotective roles of smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and the TCF21 disease gene as revealed by single-cell analysis","volume":"25","author":"Wirka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048378","article-title":"Single-cell genomics reveals a novel cell state during smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis in mouse and human","volume":"142","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00586-2","article-title":"Transcription factors: key regulatory targets of vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2002.2086","article-title":"Myocardin: a component of a molecular switch for smooth muscle differentiation","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00404-4","article-title":"Activation of cardiac gene expression by myocardin, a transcriptional cofactor for serum response factor","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1232341100","article-title":"Myocardin is a master regulator of smooth muscle gene expression","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02382","article-title":"Myocardin and ternary complex factors compete for SRF to control smooth muscle gene expression","volume":"428","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16570","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708253104","article-title":"Myocardin is a bifunctional switch for smooth versus skeletal muscle differentiation","volume":"104","author":"Long","year":"2007","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.166066","article-title":"Myocardin is sufficient for a smooth muscle-like contractile phenotype","volume":"28","author":"Long","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscl Throm Vas"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.316600","article-title":"Six shades of vascular smooth muscle cells illuminated by KLF4 (Kruppel-like factor 4)","volume":"41","author":"Yap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscl Throm Vas"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315968","article-title":"Coronary disease-associated gene TCF21 inhibits smooth muscle cell differentiation by blocking the myocardin-serum response factor pathway","volume":"126","author":"Nagao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00694-9","article-title":"Transcription regulation by long non-coding RNAs: mechanisms and disease relevance","volume":"25","author":"Ferrer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00566-8","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations","volume":"24","author":"Mattick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.104","article-title":"The functions and unique features of long intergenic non-coding RNA","volume":"19","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.021","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs at the crossroad of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation in atherosclerosis and neointimal formation","volume":"374","author":"Fasolo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055949","article-title":"CARMN is an evolutionarily conserved smooth muscle cell-specific lncRNA that maintains contractile phenotype by binding myocardin","volume":"144","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307879","article-title":"MYOSLID is a novel Serum response factor-dependent long noncoding RNA that amplifies the vascular smooth muscle differentiation program","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscl Throm Vas"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2019.11.148","article-title":"Transcriptional control of a novel long noncoding RNA Mymsl in smooth muscle cells by a single Cis-element and its initial functional characterization in vessels","volume":"138","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303240","article-title":"Identification and initial functional characterization of a human vascular cell-enriched long noncoding RNA","volume":"34","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscl Throm Vas"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e169112","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI169112","article-title":"The long noncoding RNA CARDINAL attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by modulating protein translation","volume":"134","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.122","article-title":"Multiplexed activation of endogenous genes by CRISPR-on, an RNA-guided transcriptional activator system","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3940","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22292-y","article-title":"Identification of genomic differences among peripheral arterial beds in atherosclerotic and healthy arteries","volume":"8","author":"Steenman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B26","first-page":"311","article-title":"Identification of two genes potentially associated in iron-heme homeostasis in human carotid plaque using microarray analysis","volume":"38","author":"Ayari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Z Naturforsch C Biosci"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2741\/4383","article-title":"Caspase-1 mediates hyperlipidemia-weakened progenitor cell vessel repair","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01069-0","article-title":"Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility profiling highlights regulatory mechanisms of coronary artery disease risk","volume":"54","author":"Turner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.348304.121","article-title":"A myocardin-adjacent lncRNA balances SRF-dependent gene transcription in the heart","volume":"35","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20128","article-title":"Transcription of the non-coding RNA upperhand controls Hand2 expression and heart development","volume":"539","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab127","article-title":"lncLocator 2.0: a cell-line-specific subcellular localization predictor for long non-coding RNAs with interpretable deep learning","volume":"37","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0298-2","article-title":"Immune genes are primed for robust transcription by proximal long noncoding RNAs located in nuclear compartments","volume":"51","author":"Fanucchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163802","article-title":"The air noncoding RNA epigenetically silences transcription by targeting G9a to chromatin","volume":"322","author":"Nagano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.08.022","article-title":"Kcnq1ot1 antisense noncoding RNA mediates lineage-specific transcriptional silencing through chromatin-level regulation","volume":"32","author":"Pandey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06247-5","article-title":"The ZZ-type zinc finger of ZZZ3 modulates the ATAC complex-mediated histone acetylation and gene activation","volume":"9","author":"Mi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01173-4","article-title":"YEATS2 links histone acetylation to tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"8","author":"Mi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109598","article-title":"The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms","volume":"36","author":"Fischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.302224","article-title":"Leiomodin 1, a new serum response factor-dependent target gene expressed preferentially in differentiated smooth muscle cells","volume":"287","author":"Nanda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8660","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803725115","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1) is critical for phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"115","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011675","article-title":"LincRNA-p21 regulates neointima formation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, apoptosis, and atherosclerosis by enhancing p53 activity","volume":"130","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07259","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA-GAS5: a novel regulator of hypertension-induced vascular remodeling","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.02.029","article-title":"Unlinking an lncRNA from its associated cis element","volume":"62","author":"Paralkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313207","article-title":"A novel angiotensin II-induced long noncoding RNA giver regulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"123","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2019.06.010","article-title":"Epigenetics and vascular diseases","volume":"133","author":"Stratton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.315929","article-title":"BET epigenetic reader proteins in cardiovascular transcriptional programs","volume":"126","author":"Borck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02851-x","article-title":"LncRNAs and their RBPs: how to influence the fate of stem cells?","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0184-5","article-title":"Regulation of gene expression by cis-acting long non-coding RNAs","volume":"21","author":"Gil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.11.041","article-title":"The implication of early chromatin changes in X chromosome inactivation","volume":"176","author":"\u017bylicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026082610314154300_cvag157-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00315-9","article-title":"Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions","volume":"22","author":"Statello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvag157\/68718161\/cvag157.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/122\/12\/1705\/68718161\/cvag157.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article-pdf\/122\/12\/1705\/68718161\/cvag157.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:31:56Z","timestamp":1787754716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cardiovascres\/article\/122\/12\/1705\/8728220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvag157","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6363","1755-3245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6363","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]}}}