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Despite improved therapeutic approaches, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Mounting evidence suggests that restricting food intake to a limited period in the day or extending periods of fasting may be a lifestyle intervention that reduces progression of cardiovascular disease. Various protocols for time-restricted feeding paradigms suggest significant benefits throughout the cardiovascular system. Despite some limitations to their use, the general mechanism is thought to revolve around circadian alignment of cellular and organ function with behavioural and environmental patterns. Here, we review recent evidence in a rapidly expanding field that strives to understand how timing of food intake regulates circadian physiology of cardiovascular systems focusing on heart, vascular, and neuroendocrine physiology. We review both pre-clinical and clinical reports showing how timed feeding may alter organ function in both health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvag169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T11:53:32Z","timestamp":1786017212000},"page":"1740-1760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Timing of food intake impacts cardiovascular and neuroendocrine physiology and risk of disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-2877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary N","family":"Latimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 511, Birmingham, AL 35233 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7494-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan K","family":"Rhoads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 511, Birmingham, AL 35233 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-2362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 511, Birmingham, AL 35233 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092413234203900_cvag169-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.150","article-title":"Transcriptional architecture of the mammalian circadian clock","volume":"18","author":"Takahashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2026092413234203900_cvag169-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80746-2","article-title":"Circadian variation of ventricular arrhythmia recurrences after cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in patients with healed myocardial infarcts","volume":"75","author":"Mallavarapu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026092413234203900_cvag169-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.160257","article-title":"Time-restricted feeding reduces cardiovascular disease risk in obese mice","volume":"10","author":"Pati","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026092413234203900_cvag169-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6738","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18136738","article-title":"The impact of different types of shift work on blood pressure and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Gamboa Madeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026092413234203900_cvag169-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.08.017","article-title":"Associations of shift work and night work with risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"86","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026092413234203900_cvag169-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3700","article-title":"Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease. 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