{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:30:37Z","timestamp":1790721037458,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"CIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"New Investigator Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Statin therapy reduces cardiovascular events in patients with, or at risk of, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, statins are underutilized in patients for whom they are indicated and are frequently discontinued. Discontinuation may be the result of statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), which encompass a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes from myalgia to severe myopathy. As with many adverse drug reactions (ADRs), inter-individual variability in susceptibility to SAMS is due, at least in part, to differences in host genetics. The genetic basis for SAMS has been investigated in candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and, more recently, studies of multi-omic networks, including at the transcriptome level. In this article, we provide a systematic review of the pharmacogenetic basis of SAMS, focusing on how an understanding of the genetic and molecular determinants of SAMS can be considered in a personalized approach to reduce the incidence of this ADR, optimize statin adherence, and reduce the risk for cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T11:33:12Z","timestamp":1527852792000},"page":"1073-1081","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Role of genetics in the prediction of statin-associated muscle symptoms and optimization of statin use and adherence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Liam R","family":"Brunham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Rm 166 - 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Neuromuscular Disease Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Mammen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muscle Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G B John","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S","family":"Rosenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019090908483681400_cvy119-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Stone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019090908483681400_cvy119-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.018","article-title":"2016 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Developed with the special contribution of the 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