{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T05:12:31Z","timestamp":1792559551534,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01GM 066730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01GM 066730"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"United States Public Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies indicate that nitric oxide derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) serves as both trigger and mediator in anaesthetic cardiac preconditioning. The mechanisms underlying regulation of eNOS by volatile anaesthetics have not been fully understood. Therefore, this study examined the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in isoflurane cardiac preconditioning.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wistar rats underwent 30\u2009min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 2\u2009h of reperfusion. Isoflurane given prior to ischaemia\/reperfusion significantly decreased myocardial infarct size from 60\u2009\u00b1\u20091% in control to 40\u2009\u00b1\u20093% (n\u2009=\u20098 rats\/group, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The beneficial effects of isoflurane were blocked by neutralizing antibody against VEGF (nVEGF). Coronary arterial endothelial cells (ECs) alone or together with cardiomyocytes (CMs) were subjected to hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury. The expression of VEGF and eNOS was analysed by western blot, and nitric oxide was measured by ozone-based chemiluminescence. In co-cultured CMs and ECs, isoflurane administered before hypoxia\/reoxygenation attenuated lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased the ratio of phosphorylated eNOS\/eNOS and nitric oxide production. The protective effect of isoflurane on CMs was compromised by nVEGF and after VEGF in ECs was inhibited with hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The negative effect of hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 shRNA was restored by recombinant VEGF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Isoflurane cardiac preconditioning is associated with VEGF regulation of phosphorylation of eNOS and nitric oxide production.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T15:23:32Z","timestamp":1529421812000},"page":"168-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Vascular endothelial growth factor regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation is involved in isoflurane cardiac preconditioning"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley L","family":"Baumgardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeljko J","family":"Bosnjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Dong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Stanford, CA, 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