{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:53:32Z","timestamp":1791280412202,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development","award":["302743\/2019-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302743\/2019-7"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2113665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2113665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Harvestmen are a major arachnid order that has experienced a dramatic increase in biological knowledge in the 21st century. The publication of the book Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones in 2007 stimulated the development of many behavioral studies. Although the book is relatively recent, our understanding of the reproductive biology of harvestmen is already outdated due to the fast accumulation of new data. Our goal is to provide an updated review of the subject to serve as a benchmark for the following years. In the pre-copulatory phase, we explore the evolution of facultative parthenogenesis, the factors that may affect the types of mating system, and the role of nuptial gifts in courtship. Regarding the copulatory phase, harvestmen are unique arachnids because they have aflagellate spermatozoa and a penis with complex morphology. We discuss the implications of these two features for sperm competition and cryptic female choice. In the post-copulatory phase, we connect oviposition site selection and climate conditions to the widespread occurrence of resource defense polygyny, alternative reproductive tactics, and sexual dimorphism in several clades of tropical harvestmen. Finally, we present the different forms of parental care in the order, and discuss the benefits and costs of this behavior, which can be performed either by females or males. Throughout the review, we indicate gaps in our knowledge and subjects that deserve further studies. Hopefully, the information synthesized here will stimulate researchers worldwide to embrace harvestmen as a study system and to improve our effort to unravel the mysteries of their reproductive biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zoac102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T10:51:02Z","timestamp":1672051862000},"page":"115-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Reproductive biology of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones): a review of a rapidly evolving research field"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0321-128X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glauco","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024031110361848500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.39.010194.000245","article-title":"Post-insemination associations between males and females in insects: the mate-guarding hypothesis","volume":"39","author":"Alcock","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Rev Entomol"},{"key":"2024031110361848500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17894-3_4","article-title":"Post-copulatory sexual selection in two tropical orb-weaving Leucauge spiders","volume-title":"Cryptic Female Choice in Arthropods: Patterns, Mechanisms and Prospects","author":"Aisenberg","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024031110361848500_CIT0003","article-title":"Cuidado parental do opili\u00e3o Pseudopucrolia discrepans (Roewer, 1943)","author":"Almeida","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024031110361848500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3736.1.3","article-title":"Description of Mitogoniella mucuri sp. nov. 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