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This phenomenon is exemplified by certain spiders that construct bell-shaped cobwebs using sand grains, soil particles, prey remains, and plant debris. The retreat and gumfooted lines in these cobwebs are believed to serve defensive and foraging functions. This study aimed to test both the phenotypic plasticity and the tradeoff hypotheses by examining whether the common cobweb spider Campanicola campanulata alters web architecture and behavioral investments in response to variations in prey availability. When prey availability increases, spiders build webs higher, construct smaller and lighter retreats, and produce cobwebs with fewer gumfooted lines and smaller capture areas. Results indicated that, in the presence of abundant ant-prey, spiders reduced their investment in both foraging and defense. These findings suggest that the web architecture of C. campanulata exhibits a high degree of plasticity in response to variation in prey availability, but investment in web architectures does not involve tradeoffs between foraging and defense.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zoaf073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T12:35:02Z","timestamp":1763382902000},"page":"590-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenotypic plasticity in an extended phenotype: the cobweb spider\n                    <i>Campanicola campanulata<\/i>\n                    alters web architecture in response to variation in prey availability"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1264-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization and Quality Control of Characteristic Crops, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University , Xiaogan 432000, Hubei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1478-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"He","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guo Shoujing Innovation College, Xingtai University , Xingtai 054001, Hebei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hebei Province Sweet Potato Breeding and Application Technology Innovation Center , Xingtai 054001, Hebei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization and Quality Control of Characteristic Crops, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University , Xiaogan 432000, Hubei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-6399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lelei","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization and Quality Control of Characteristic Crops, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University , Xiaogan 432000, Hubei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4699-8609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changchun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization and Quality Control of Characteristic Crops, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University , Xiaogan 432000, Hubei 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