{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:25:31Z","timestamp":1792794331323,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Michigan Biological Station Marian P. and David M. Gates Graduate Student Endowment Fund provided by the University of Michigan","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hhndj92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Katzner Graduate Student Research and Professional Development fund provided by Bowling Green State University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ay7va13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent evidence shows that prey behavior is mediated by information regarding predators, refuges, and possibly food. However, the ways in which these 3 factors influence prey behavior in tandem with one another is still largely unexplored. We exposed rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) to largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans) odors and quantified sheltering and foraging behaviors. We presented crayfish with shelters of varying quality in 2 spatial arrangements and changed the location of a food source, Chara spp., to be near each shelter in different treatments. In this way, we created both a gradient of fear and of safety independently from one another while attempting to alter the perception of these gradients with changes to food location. We found that predator odor, refuge spatial arrangement, and food location were all important for crayfish behaviors. First, we found that time sheltering and time near shelters were both significantly impacted by interactions of shelter quality and arrangement. Crayfish only spent more time in and near upstream high-quality shelters when Chara spp. was also upstream. Next, we found that the average gape ratio of bass used in trials significantly altered the total amount of Chara spp. consumed, time spent foraging, and crayfish movement. The results of this study show the importance of information related to risk, safety, and food in altering prey behaviors, and these factors are used in combination. Specifically, the presence of a food source and the proximity of a food source to a shelter may affect where and when a prey organism shelters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zoaf076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T12:59:33Z","timestamp":1764680373000},"page":"657-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Food for thought: food availability alters crayfish perception of fear and safety in risky habitats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9359-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison J","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University , 217 Life Sciences Building, Bowling Green, OH 43403 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Michigan Biological Station , Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 9133 Biological Road, Pellston, MI 49769 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4555-1178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University , 217 Life Sciences Building, Bowling Green, OH 43403 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Michigan Biological Station , Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 9133 Biological Road, Pellston, MI 49769 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind, and Behavior, Department of Pyschology, Bowling Green State University , 300 Pyschology Building, Bowling Green, OH 43403 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026102300230044500_zoaf076-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181236","DOI":"10.1080\/02705060.2023.2181236","article-title":"Flow discharge impacts competition for food and shelter between two overlapping species of crayfish","volume":"38","author":"Adami-Sampson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Freshw Ecol"},{"key":"2026102300230044500_zoaf076-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-bja10315","article-title":"Dynamic landscapes of fear and safety alter prey refuge use in freshwater 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