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Studies show that mineral intake varies by species, habitat, and season. This study evaluates the mineral composition of food consumed by black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra), an endangered primate in southeastern Mexico, considering differences among habitats (fragmented vs. conserved), strata (terrestrial vs. arboreal), seasons (rainy, dry, and Nortes), and food types. Leaves, fruits, and lianas (N = 84) were analyzed to estimate intake of key minerals (Ca, P, Mg, and K) in absolute (g\/day) and proportional (% dry matter) terms. Results showed that foods from the forest fragment had higher concentrations of Ca (1.80 \u00b1 1.06%) and Mg (0.37 \u00b1 0.11%) and lower Na (0.01 \u00b1 0.01) compared to the conserved forest (Ca: 0.76 \u00b1 0.67%; Mg: 0.28 \u00b1 0.1%; Na: 0.04 \u00b1 0.01). Based on daily intake, Ca, P, and Mg were the most important. Seasonality influenced diet: during the Nortes season, Ca (2.20\u2005g\/day) and P (23.09\u2005g\/day) intake increased, linked to greater consumption of young leaves, with potential physiological implications due to their high concentrations. Mature leaves contributed over 50% of essential minerals like Ca, Mg, and Mn, while immature fruits were key sources of P and Cu. Ca intake in fragmented habitats was notably high, possibly with physiological implications. These findings underscore the role of dietary diversity in meeting mineral needs in fragmented environments. Despite mineral variation among foods, black howler monkeys attempted to meet requirements through varied food sources, reinforcing the importance of conserving plant diversity in fragmented ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zoag004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:14:08Z","timestamp":1769516048000},"page":"678-691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mineral sources in natural habitats for a leaf-eating primate"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7158-4881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F","family":"Aristizabal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez , Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s\/n., Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez 32310, Chihuahua ,","place":["Mexico"]},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez , Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez 32310, Chihuahua ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Righini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrici\u00f3n (IICAN), Universidad de Guadalajara , Ciudad Guzm\u00e1n 49000, Jalisco ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Albino-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Biolog\u00eda y Conservaci\u00f3n de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, A.C. (INECOL) , Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla L","family":"Tapia-Fierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Biolog\u00eda y Conservaci\u00f3n de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, A.C. (INECOL) , Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuauhcihuatl","family":"Vital-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez , Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez 32310, Chihuahua ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica M","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, CUNY Hunter College , 695 Park Ave, New York 10065, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Serio-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Biolog\u00eda y Conservaci\u00f3n de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, A.C. 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