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The BioCreative IX ToxHabits shared task addresses this problem in Spanish clinical text by identifying substance use triggers and their arguments. In this paper, we introduce I-NOWJ, which addresses these challenges through two complementary strategies: a low-resource strategy based on domain knowledge expansion, controlled data augmentation with quality-aware self-training, and an adaptive context selection mechanism that determines the appropriate contextual scope for each instance. Experimental results on the ToxHabits benchmark show that I-NOWJ achieves an F1 score of 94.93% on trigger detection and 91.30% on argument extraction. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of knowledge-guided modelling and adaptive context selection for robust clinical named entity recognition in low-resource settings. Our implementation and resources are publicly available at: https:\/\/github.com\/candleMind\/toxhabit<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baag056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:30:25Z","timestamp":1788521425000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["I-NOWJ: adaptive context selection and knowledge-guided learning for substance use named entity recognition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9859-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quoc-Viet-Anh","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Information Technology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology , 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000 ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5431-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gia-Bao","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Information Technology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology , 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000 ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8341-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huu-Huy-Hoang","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Information Technology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology , 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000 ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8019-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi-Hai-Yen","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Information Technology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology , 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000 ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1778-0600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoang-Quynh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Information Technology, VNU University of Engineering and Technology , 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000 ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092507111035300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bbab282","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab282","article-title":"Deep learning methods for biomedical named entity recognition: a survey and qualitative comparison","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2026092507111035300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7","article-title":"The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and drug use in 195 countries and territories, 1990&#x2013;2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"5","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiat"},{"key":"2026092507111035300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2009.001560","article-title":"Mayo clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES): architecture, component evaluation and applications","volume":"17","author":"Savova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2026092507111035300_bib4","unstructured":"Al-Nabki M W, Lima\u00a0Lopez S, Vaya-Abad G \u00a0et al. \u00a0Overview of ToxHabits at BioCreative IX: corpus, guidelines and evaluation of systems for the detection of Toxic Habits from text. 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