{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:15:19Z","timestamp":1780604119794,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]],"date-time":"2020-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003508","name":"University of Valencia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UV-INV-PREDOC17F1-5405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UV-INV-PREDOC17F1-5405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Twenty participants who were deaf and 20 chronological age-matched participants with typical hearing (TH) (mean age: 12\u00a0years) were asked to judge the correctness of written sentences with or without a grammatically incongruent word while their eye movements were registered. TH participants outperformed deaf participants in grammaticality judgment accuracy. For both groups, First Pass and Total Fixation Times of target words in correct trials were significantly longer in the incongruent condition than in the congruent one. However, whereas TH students showed longer First Pass in the target area than deaf students across congruity conditions, deaf students made more fixations than their TH controls. Syntactic skills, vocabulary, and word reading speeds (measured with additional tests) were significantly lower in deaf students but only syntactic skills were systematically associated to the time-course of congruity processing. These results suggest that syntactic skills could have a cascading effect in sentence processing for deaf readers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enaa005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T12:18:34Z","timestamp":1581682714000},"page":"351-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Time-Course of Grammatical Processing in Deaf Readers: An Eye-Movement Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nadina","family":"G\u00f3mez-Merino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reading Research Unit, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reading Research Unit, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reading Research Unit, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Arf\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2020053005195960400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1179\/1557069X12Y.0000000003","article-title":"Deaf education: The impact of cochlear implantation","volume":"14","author":"Archbold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Deafness & Education International"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020053005195960400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1490","article-title":"Processing of written irony in autism Spectrum disorder: An eye-movement study","volume":"8","author":"Au-Yeung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"2020053005195960400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.07.005","article-title":"Comprehension of texts by deaf elementary school students: The role of grammatical understanding","volume":"59","author":"Barajas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020053005195960400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929052880101","article-title":"Grammatical gender and number agreement in Spanish: An ERP comparison","volume":"17","author":"Barber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2020053005195960400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","article-title":"Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal","volume":"68","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020053005195960400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020053005195960400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2013.818702","article-title":"Agreeing to disagree: Deaf and hearing children's awareness of subject\u2013verb number agreement","volume":"67","author":"Breadmore","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2020053005195960400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2015.07.004","article-title":"Eye movements in reading and information processing: Keith Rayner\u2019s 40-year legacy","volume":"86","author":"Clifton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2020053005195960400_ref9","volume-title":"The deaf schoolchild: Language and cognitive functions","author":"Conrad","year":"1979"},{"key":"2020053005195960400_ref10","volume-title":"Bater\u00eda de evaluaci\u00f3n de los procesos lectores, revisada (PROLEC-R)","author":"Cuetos","year":"2007"},{"key":"2020053005195960400_ref11","article-title":"Phia post- hoc interaction analysis (version 0.2-1) [software package]","author":"De Rosario-Martinez","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020053005195960400_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enp033","article-title":"Reading mechanisms in orally educated deaf adults","volume":"15","author":"Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2020053005195960400_ref13","volume-title":"PEALE. 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