{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:22:01Z","timestamp":1790828521280,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005246","name":"Institute of Education Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000138","name":"U.S. Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# R324C120001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# R324C120001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008545","name":"Georgia State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Center on Literacy and Deafness examined the language and reading progress of 336 young deaf and hard-of-hearing children in kindergarten, first and second grades on a series of tests of language, reading, and spoken and fingerspelled phonological awareness in the fall and spring of the school year. Children were divided into groups based on their auditory access and classroom communication: a spoken-only group (n\u2009=\u2009101), a sign-only group (n\u2009=\u2009131), and a bimodal group (n\u2009=\u2009104). Previous work reports the overall data (Antia, S., Lederberg, A., Schick, B., Branum-Martin, L., Connor, C. M., &amp; Webb, M. (2020a). Language and reading progress of young DHH children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, (3), 25; Lederberg, A. R., Branum-Martin, L., Webb, M. L., Schick, B., Antia, S., Easterbrooks, S. R., &amp; Connor, C. M. (2019). Modality and interrelations among language, reading, spoken phonological awareness, and fingerspelling. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 24(4), 408\u2013423). This report presents an in-depth look at the reading fluency of the participants measured along multiple dimensions. In general, 43% of the participants were unable to read fluently and an additional 23% were unable to read fluently at grade level. Rate and accuracy, rate of growth, miscue analysis, and self-corrections differed by communication modality. Most notably, children demonstrated limited strategies for self-correction during reading fluency tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enaa024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T07:10:00Z","timestamp":1594451400000},"page":"99-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Reading Fluency in Young Elementary School Age Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6993-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan R","family":"Easterbrooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Literacy and Deafness, Georgia State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy R","family":"Lederberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Literacy and Deafness, Georgia State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021090900031835300_ref1a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enq017","article-title":"Using miscue analysis to assess comprehension in deaf college readers","volume":"16","author":"Albertini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2021090900031835300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299906500210","article-title":"Exploring the technical adequacy of curriculum-based measurement in reading for children who use manually coded English","volume":"65","author":"Allinder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exceptional Children"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021090900031835300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-017-9398-2","article-title":"Does text complexity matter in the elementary grades? 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