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To understand the role of emotion in DHH children\u2019s social life, this study investigated emotional functioning (i.e., emotion recognition, empathy, emotion expression), and its relation with social functioning (i.e., social competence and externalizing behaviors), in 55 DHH children and 74 children with typical hearing (aged 3\u201310\u00a0years; Mage\u2009=\u20096.04). Parental reports on children\u2019s emotional and social functioning and factors related to DHH children\u2019s hearing were collected. Results showed similar levels of emotional and social functioning in children with and without hearing loss. Use of auditory intervention and speech perception did not correlate with any measures in DHH children. In both groups, higher levels of empathy related to higher social competence and fewer externalizing behaviors; emotion recognition and positive emotion expression were unrelated to either aspect of social functioning. Higher levels of negative emotion expression related to lower social competence in both groups, but to more externalizing behaviors in DHH children only. DHH children in less linguistically accessible environments may not have adequate knowledge for appropriately expressing negative emotions socially.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enab022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T19:13:46Z","timestamp":1624043626000},"page":"469-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Emotions in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing and Typically Hearing Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung-Ting","family":"Tsou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3046-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5186-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adva","family":"Eichengreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Disability Studies, The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel"},{"name":"The E. Richard Feinberg Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1180-3314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan H M","family":"Frijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7584-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolien","family":"Rieffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Media Interaction, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2021091718071800200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/001440291107700407","article-title":"Social outcomes of students who are deaf and hard of hearing in general education classrooms","volume":"77","author":"Antia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exceptional Children"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021091718071800200_ref1a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2011.12.009","article-title":"The association between preschool children's social functioning and their emergent academic skills","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"Early Childhood Research 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