{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:18Z","timestamp":1792785858648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":251,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Roslin Institute Strategic Programme","award":["BBS\/E\/RL\/230002B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/RL\/230002B"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01920rj20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 causes severe disease in humans, but colonizes cattle asymptomatically. Our previous research showed a Th1-biased mucosal immune response in colonized cattle, with antigen-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation. EHEC O157:H7 colonizes the bovine gastrointestinal tract, a process that requires a type 3 secretion system and injection of a cocktail of \u2018effector\u2019 proteins into epithelial cells, resulting in tight bacterial\/epithelial attachment. Mathematical modeling indicates EHEC O157:H7 effector proteins have reduced MHC Class I (MHCI) ligand density, potentially an adaptation to evade CD8+ T cell immunity when injected into host cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, immunopeptidomics was applied to study the presentation of E. coli peptides on MHCI molecules using an in vitro bovine epithelial cell colonization model. peptide elution from bovine epithelial cells colonized with E. coli O157:H7.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunopeptidomic analysis of bovine epithelial cells colonized with E. coli O157:H7 experimentally confirmed a scarcity of MHCI-presented peptides from secreted bacterial effector proteins. Unexpectedly, two MHCI ligands were identified from intimin, a bacterial outer membrane protein crucial for cattle colonization, with one ligand overlapping a known CD4+ T cell epitope. Using a bovine epithelial cell line transfected with the BoLA-1*023:01 MHCI allele, we showed that E. coli O157:H7 suppresses antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study results highlight the importance of engaging both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for rational vaccine design, an area not traditionally emphasized for extracellular pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7. By combining immunopeptidomics and bespoke in silico prediction algorithms, we provide a foundation for next-generation vaccines aimed at more effectively clearing persistent E. coli O157:H7 infections in cattle and reducing the risk of zoonotic transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/discim\/kyag017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:22:59Z","timestamp":1788780179000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>E. coli<\/i>\n                    O157:H7 evades CD8+ T cell immunity through T3SS-dependent suppression and limited MHCI presentation of translocated proteins"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Amany","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Alexandria , Alexandria ,","place":["Egypt"]},{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Midlothian ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University , Pullman, WA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Nicastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepali","family":"Vasoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Midlothian ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7885-4311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Gally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Midlothian ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9283-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Ternette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , Dundee 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