{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T05:40:06Z","timestamp":1758951606907,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study investigates the radiation dose and its distribution in critical organs of the human head during the use of digital panoramic radiography devices. The aim was to quantify the doses accumulated in the thyroid and eye lenses, as well as to analyse the overall dose distribution across a selection of modern panoramic units. A female Alderson-Rando phantom, equipped with 3D-printed slabs and drilled holes for placing an ionisation chamber, was repeatedly exposed in four digital panoramic devices (Orthophos XG Plus, ProMax 2D Classic, Viso G7, and Veraview X800). Measurements were taken in both the orbital regions and the thyroid. Additionally, five radiochromic films were placed between the phantom slabs, from the orbital floor to the thyroid region, to assess dose distribution. Equivalent doses for the thyroid ranged between 0.30 \u00b5Sv and 1.46 \u00b5Sv, while the doses for the eye ranged from 0.88 \u00b5Sv to 4.24 \u00b5Sv. There were significant differences between the devices (pFriedman \u00a0&amp;lt; 0.001). The dose distribution in the anterior part followed the typical trajectory of the rotational isocenter of the fan beam. The distribution varied across devices, with the highest peak observed in the vertical region of the external acoustic meatus. The absorbed doses to the thyroid and eye lenses in digital panoramic devices are generally low (in the microsievert range), and dose distribution varies between devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twaf021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T12:52:47Z","timestamp":1745585567000},"page":"605-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurement of radiation dose and analysis of dose distribution in the thyroid and eye lens during digital panoramic tomography"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Franziska","family":"Schindler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Diseases, Polyclinic for Dental Prosthetics and Materials Science, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55131 Mainz,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"M\u00fcller-Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Policlinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Operations, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55131 Mainz,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Karle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Policlinic for Radiooncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55131 Mainz,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University of Bern , 3010 Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"year":"2023","key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B1"},{"key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(61)90009-3","article-title":"Pantomography and orthopantomography","volume":"14","author":"Paatero","year":"1961","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Radiol"},{"key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/12999660","article-title":"Development of a new dental panoramic radiographic system based on a tomosynthesis method","volume":"39","author":"Ogawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180007","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20180007","article-title":"Effective dose reduction using collimation function in digital panoramic radiography and possible clinical implications in dentistry","volume":"47","author":"Benchimol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.01.009","article-title":"Accuracy in detecting artificial root resorption in panoramic radiography versus tomosynthetic panoramic radiographs","volume":"45","author":"Rahmel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0339","article-title":"Patient risk related to common dental radiographic examinations: the impact of 2007 International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations regarding dose calculation","volume":"139","author":"Ludlow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B7","first-page":"267","article-title":"Assessment of the absorbed dose variations in the thyroid gland exposed to orthopantomography (OPG) while swallowing: a novel approach to radiation protection","volume":"14","author":"Vafapour","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Biomed Phys Eng"},{"key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13213","article-title":"Determination of relative dose of ionizing radiation in the thyroid gland using a panoramic device with different protocols","volume":"35","author":"Vanni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2023.09.002","article-title":"Radiation doses in extraoral bitewing radiography compared with intraoral bitewing and panoramic radiography","volume":"137","author":"Dorsey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"year":"2017","author":"Sirona","key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B10"},{"year":"2023","author":"Oy","key":"2025092701261302800_twaf021-B11"},{"year":"2023","author":"J. 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