{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T08:10:02Z","timestamp":1756455002834,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To conduct a prospective cohort study evaluating the influence of different teaching methodologies on the radiographic diagnosis of root resorptions by undergraduate dental students.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Forty-eight undergraduate students were randomly divided into 4 groups (n\u2009=\u200912) according to the methodology applied to teach about root resorption: traditional face-to-face teaching (control), remote teaching, gamification, and case study. The first stage was to perform a pre-methodology index test to assess prior knowledge about root resorption. Then, all groups received study material on a virtual platform and 1 week later, the teaching methodologies were applied. Twenty-four hours after each methodology application, the students performed a diagnostic test by analysing 28 digital periapical radiographs, classifying them according to the absence or type of root resorption present (external superficial, internal inflammatory, or external cervical). After 10 days, 3 students in each group (25%) were randomly selected and re-evaluated the 28 images to calculate intra-rater agreement. All students repeated the index test 30\u2009days after the interventions. Statistical analysis used linear regression models, Pearson\u2019s correlation, and chi-square test (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gamification resulted in better student performance in the index and radiographic diagnostic tests (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Superficial external resorption was the most challenging to diagnose, regardless of the method, while inflammatory internal obtained a higher percentage of correct responses (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) in the diagnostic test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All methods involving student interaction demonstrated better outcomes compared to the traditional model in the diagnosis of root resorptions. Gamification resulted in the best performance and may be an effective resource in the learning process.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advancements in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adopting gamification enhanced student performance and may be a valuable learning strategy to contribute to a more accurate diagnosis and safer clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twaf022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T08:07:39Z","timestamp":1744963659000},"page":"488-494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of teaching method on radiographic diagnosis of root resorptions by dental students: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8471-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana A M","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Applied Sciences Master Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares , Minas Gerais,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5770-316X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francielle S","family":"Verner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Applied Sciences Program and Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV , Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0732-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael B","family":"Junqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Applied Sciences Program and Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV , Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368504221109217","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504221109217","article-title":"Tooth root resorption: a review","volume":"105","author":"Heboyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Prog."},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13715","article-title":"Present status and future directions: root resorption","volume":"55","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12762","article-title":"Tooth resorption-part 2: a clinical classification","volume":"38","author":"Abbott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170400","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170400","article-title":"Radiographic diagnosis of root fractures: a systematic review, meta-analyses and sources of heterogeneity","volume":"46","author":"Salineiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.11.006","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of root resorption identified in cone-beam computed tomography scans","volume":"49","author":"Dao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endod."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11071208","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging versus radiographs in differentiating periapical lesions: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B7","first-page":"134","article-title":"Root resorption classifications: a narrative review and a clinical aid proposal for routine assessment","volume":"3","author":"Aidos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Endod J"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2013.77.6.tb05527.x","article-title":"Integration of basic sciences and clinical sciences in oral radiology education for dental students","volume":"77","author":"Baghdady","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dent Educ."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2016.80.4.tb06104.x","article-title":"Educational outcomes of small group discussion versus traditional lecture format in dental students learning and skills acquisition","volume":"80","author":"Arias","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-9465-ean-2017-0435","article-title":"Active learning methodologies: possible paths to innovation in health teaching","volume":"22","author":"Macedo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Esc Anna Nery."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.266090","article-title":"Dental education: lecture versus flipped and spaced learning","volume":"16","author":"Kohli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent Res J."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9091092","article-title":"Comparison between virtual and traditional learning methods for orthodontic knowledge and skills in dental students: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"9","author":"Hakami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.492","article-title":"Comparing student achievement in traditional learning with a combination of blended and flipped learning","volume":"7","author":"Halasa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02971-7","article-title":"Covid-19 and dental distance-based education: students\u2019 perceptions in an Italian University","volume":"21","author":"Di Giacomo","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci13020173","article-title":"Teaching and learning research methodologies in education: a systematic literature review","volume":"13","author":"Atos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educ Sci"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-020-10000-3","article-title":"Gamification of health professions education: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Van-Gaalen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20180362","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-265x-tce-2018-0362","article-title":"Effectiveness of a teaching model in a first aid course: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Carbogim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Texto Contexto Enferm"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2018.352","article-title":"The ins and outs of root resorption","volume":"224","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br Dent J."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043622","article-title":"Perception of remote learning by fixed prosthodontic students at a Romanian Faculty of Dentistry","volume":"20","author":"Tanculescu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.4067\/s0034-98872021000700989","article-title":"Use of web 2.0 tools in the flipped classroom methodology: an option for distance learning","volume":"149","author":"Flores-Angulo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12830","article-title":"Analysis of moral reasoning in dentistry students through case-based learning (CBL)","volume":"86","author":"Macpherson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Educ."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200295","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200295","article-title":"Evaluation of different teaching methods in the radiographic diagnosis of proximal carious lesions","volume":"50","author":"Rocha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7031086","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7031086","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiography in detection and measurement of the external root resorption in primary molars: a single-blind prospective clinical study","volume":"2022","author":"Taravati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dent."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.09.008","article-title":"External cervical resorption: a comparison of the diagnostic efficacy using 2 different cone-beam computed tomographic units and periapical radiographs","volume":"43","author":"Vaz de Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endod."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.11.002","article-title":"Observer ability to detect ex vivo simulated internal or external cervical root resorption","volume":"37","author":"Kamburo\u011flu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endod."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01819.x","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of small volume cone beam computed tomography and intraoral periapical radiography for the detection of simulated external inflammatory root resorption","volume":"44","author":"Durack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.03.011","article-title":"Accuracy of digital periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for diagnosis of natural and simulated external root resorption","volume":"44","author":"Deliga Schr\u00f6der","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B28","first-page":"51","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography in internal root resorption","volume":"11","author":"Madani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran Endod J."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16496","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16496","article-title":"Digital PBL-CBL teaching method improves students\u2019 performance in learning complex implant cases in atrophic anterior maxilla","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Peer J"},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08806-2","article-title":"The effects of gamification on antimicrobial resistance knowledge and its relationship to dentistry in Saudi Arabia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Aboalshamat","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1649-0","article-title":"Effect of virtual versus traditional education on theoretical knowledge and reporting skills of dental students in radiographic interpretation of bony lesions of the jaw","volume":"19","author":"Soltanimehr","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ."},{"key":"2025082903524376400_twaf022-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ar6","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.20-05-0091","article-title":"To what extent do study habits relate to performance?","volume":"20","author":"Walck-Shannon","year":"2021","journal-title":"CBE Life Sci Educ"}],"container-title":["Dentomaxillofacial Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dmfr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/dmfr\/twaf022\/62953154\/twaf022.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dmfr\/article-pdf\/54\/6\/488\/62953154\/twaf022.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dmfr\/article-pdf\/54\/6\/488\/62953154\/twaf022.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T07:52:51Z","timestamp":1756453971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dmfr\/article\/54\/6\/488\/8115997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/dmfr\/twaf022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0250-832X","1476-542X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0250-832X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-542X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]}}}