{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:30:44Z","timestamp":1790875844691,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004807","name":"DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["494559609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["494559609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of short-wave infrared transillumination at 1300\u2009nm for detecting proximal caries lesions in permanent anterior teeth, compared with digital radiography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen extracted human permanent anterior teeth were examined using short-wave infrared transillumination from both labial and oral directions. Images were acquired using a 1300-nm light-emitting diode and a short-wave infrared camera. Radiographs were obtained using a standard digital radiography setup. Micro-CT served as the reference standard. Two calibrated examiners independently assessed the presence or absence of caries lesions. Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy. Inter-examiner agreement was assessed using kappa statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proximal surfaces were analysed. Short-wave infrared transillumination demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy from oral (86%), labial (79%), and combined (90%) views compared to radiography (66%). The combined approach yielded a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 93%. In contrast, radiography achieved a sensitivity of 29% and a specificity of 100%. Inter-examiner agreement was substantial to almost perfect for all methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study shows that short-wave infrared transillumination at 1300\u2009nm provides significantly greater diagnostic accuracy than radiography for detecting proximal caries in anterior teeth and may serve as a radiation-free adjunct in clinical diagnostics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first pilot study to demonstrate that combining labial and oral short-wave infrared transillumination enables accurate detection of proximal caries in anterior teeth and offers potential as a novel diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  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