{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:54:03Z","timestamp":1777874043208,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Panoramic radiographs (PANs) are a commonly used dental imaging modality and are complex to evaluate. This study aimed to use mouse-tracking technology to identify the visualization characteristics of experienced Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Radiology (OMR) faculty when reviewing PANs and to assess relationships with detection accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen OMR faculty in US dental schools with 5 to 38\u2009years of experience were recruited. Participants were shown 17 PANs (5 \u201cNormal\u201d and 12 \u201cPathology\u201d) over Zoom and instructed to move their mouse cursor in sync with their eye movements. Data collection was based on video recordings with X, Y coordinates auto-detected using mouse-tracking algorithms. Parameters collected included detection accuracy, time taken, completeness of search coverage, revisits and search patterns used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most common search patterns were Dental to Periphery (41.5%) and Periphery to Dental (37.7%). The mean accuracy score for all cases with pathology was 84.8%. Except for 2 cases with subtle findings (condylar fracture and fibrous dysplasia), mean accuracy scores ranged from 76.5% to 100%. There were no associations between search patterns and detection accuracy. Participants took longer durations and performed more complete searches with more revisits on \u201cNormal\u201d cases. They were more likely to use shorter search times with smaller coverage and perform single searches when correctly detecting lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experienced OMRs were able to detect lesions without scanning the entire PAN and within a single search, regardless of the search pattern used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study using mouse-tracking algorithms to evaluate visualization characteristics on PANs. Experienced OMRs can conduct efficient and accurate reviews of PANs regardless of search strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twaf087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T17:17:08Z","timestamp":1764868628000},"page":"327-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A mouse-tracking study on visualization of panoramic radiographs among Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Radiology faculty"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8553-0304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li Zhen","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119085,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun Ning","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOH Holdings Pte Ltd , Singapore 139691,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joey Jia Yi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOH Holdings Pte Ltd , Singapore 139691,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2700-4963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei Hua","family":"Cher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore , Singapore 169857,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3191-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Fan","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119085,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peggy P","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195-6365,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026043014484463800_twaf087-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-5712(95)00055-0","article-title":"The use of panoramic radiology in dental practice","volume":"24","author":"Rushton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dent."},{"key":"2026043014484463800_twaf087-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2011.01655.x","article-title":"Interpretation of panoramic radiographs","volume":"57 Suppl 1","author":"Perschbacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust Dent J."},{"key":"2026043014484463800_twaf087-B3","volume-title":"Selection Criteria for Dental Radiography","author":"Horner","year":"2018","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"2026043014484463800_twaf087-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00478-w","article-title":"A systematic review of relative indications and contra-indications for prescribing panoramic radiographs in dental paediatric patients","volume":"21","author":"Tsiklakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent."},{"key":"2026043014484463800_twaf087-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2018.08.002","article-title":"Dental students\u2019 levels of understanding normal panoramic anatomy","volume":"13","author":"Maeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent Sci."},{"key":"2026043014484463800_twaf087-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(96)80425-2","article-title":"Room for improvement? 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