{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:57:41Z","timestamp":1790758661841,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K13234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K13234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K02639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K02639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This phantom study aimed to determine whether a novel non-artificial intelligence image-sharpening approach improves the visibility of reference points on low-dose lateral cephalometric radiographs. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained using an adult human bone phantom at 100% of the routine dose. Low-dose imaging was performed using 60%, 40%, and 20% of the routine dose. Each low-dose image underwent a 2-level image-sharpening process using the Medical Image Enhancer software. Six reviewers evaluated the visibility of the 5 reference points in the first and second sets of sharpened and 100% radiation-dose images. Using Scheff\u00e9\u2019s method of paired comparisons, odds ratios (ORs) were reported as relative values for a standard cephalometric radiograph (100% radiation dose) to compare the visibility of reference points among imaging conditions. For the first set of mildly sharpened 60%-dose images, the ORs for the 4 reference points were &amp;gt;1.0, Point A (OR 1.12, P\u2009=\u2009.83), Nasion (OR 2.26, P\u2009=\u2009.11), posterior nasal spine (OR 2.35, P\u2009=\u2009.1), and incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor (OR 1.35, P\u2009=\u2009.53), indicating visibility comparable to or better than the 100%-dose images. For the second set of markedly sharpened images, rated visibility was significantly higher for all reference points at 60% and 40% doses and for several reference points at 20% dose. Image-sharpening algorithms improved the visibility of reference points on low-dose phantom radiographs, suggesting their technical feasibility as a post-acquisition approach for dose-reduced cephalometric imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twag047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:05:13Z","timestamp":1783335913000},"page":"812-819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Image sharpening improves the visibility of reference points on low-dose lateral cephalometric radiographs: a phantom study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikuho","family":"Kojima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Informatics and Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical AI Center, Tohoku University Hospital , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arata","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Informatics and Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3262-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoko","family":"Tagaino Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Informatics and Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manami","family":"Ikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University Hospital , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5761-6434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu","family":"Onodera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University Hospital , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Kanetaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai, Miyagi 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