{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:28:23Z","timestamp":1786426103498,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DE031307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DE031307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10 OD032268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 OD032268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine category-specific supracrestal tissue attachment (STA) dimensions and apply these values to calibrate high-frequency ultrasound-derived measurements to match clinical probing depth (PD), and to examine the reliability of ultrasound landmark annotation in healthy and diseased cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraoral high-frequency ultrasound (40\u2009MHz) imaging was performed to acquire images from 34 subjects (20 healthy and 14 with stage II-IV periodontitis). Four trained raters annotated 955 teeth for the gingival margin (GM), cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and alveolar bone crest (ABC). The image-based gingival height (iGH) was defined as the distance from the GM to the average bone crest. Ultrasound assessment is in terms of distances to the bone crest, whereas PD is measured to the STA. Ultrasound measurements were calibrated using category-specific STA values to estimate PD. Method agreement between iPD and clinical PD was evaluated via Bland-Altman analysis using a \u00b11\u2009mm clinical acceptance limit. This prospective calibration-validation study (34 subjects; 955 annotated tooth-surface observations) compared high-frequency ultrasound-derived measurements with conventional clinical periodontal PD measurements. The dataset was partitioned into a calibration set (721 observations, 27 subjects) and an independent validation set (234 observations, 7 subjects).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inter- and intra-rater reliability was high, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.894 to 0.998. Calibrated STA values ranged from 1.349\u2009mm for molar-buccal to 2.970\u2009mm for anterior-buccal teeth, yielding an overall mean of 2.162\u2009\u00b1\u20090.549\u2009mm that falls within established histological reference ranges. Validation analysis (n\u2009=\u2009234 teeth) demonstrated 80.8% agreement between iPD and clinical PD within \u00b11\u2009mm, with a mean bias of \u22120.137\u2009mm and limits of agreement of \u22121.718 to +1.443\u2009mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Category-specific STA-calibrated high-frequency intraoral ultrasound enables clinically acceptable PD estimation across tooth types and surfaces without ionizing radiation or probe-induced discomfort. The observed level of agreement lies within the reported inter-examiner variability of conventional periodontal probing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study represents the initial comprehensive characterization of STA for all tooth types and surfaces by means of high-frequency ultrasound, which illustrates that calibration for each of these tooth type groups is essential for accurate estimation of PD. This approach may provide a noninvasive adjunct to periodontal probing assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twag050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:28:18Z","timestamp":1784903298000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound-based estimation of periodontal probing depth using category-specific supracrestal tissue attachment calibration"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Amjadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA 92093,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulcan","family":"Gok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA 92093,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA 92093,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2328-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhel","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA 92093,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirali","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90089,","place":["United 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