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Here, comparative genomics revealed extensive variation in plasmid size, replicon types, mobility, and genetic content across PPG. Most plasmids are small (&amp;lt;\u2005200\u00a0kb), except in Pantoea, exhibiting high coding densities (76% to 78%). Five ancestral replicon types were identified across multiple orders, indicating vertical descent yet efficient horizontal transfer across taxa, although with limited genetic conservation. Virulence plasmids are widespread (56% to 68%) but differ in virulence gene content across orders: type III effector (T3E) genes are common in Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas, but rare in Enterobacterales and Xylella, aligning with their smaller effector repertoires. Plasmids frequently carry regulatory genes, highlighting their role in bacterial phenotype modulation. Distinct patterns were observed among orders: Enterobacterales plasmids often harbor thiamin biosynthesis operons and transcriptional regulators but lack post-transcriptional regulators, while most Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas plasmids are mobile, enriched in T3E genes, and exhibit high insertion sequence densities, fostering DNA mobility. Resistance to ultraviolet light is common, but not to antimicrobial compounds. These findings highlight the dynamic role of plasmids in spreading adaptive traits, shaping virulence, and driving the evolution of plant pathogenic bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsaf009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T18:01:32Z","timestamp":1745517692000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative genomics of native plasmids from plant pathogenic <i>Gammaproteobacteria<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5729-0061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Urriza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA), Edificio de Agrobiotecnolog\u00eda , Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva Baja ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5210-1070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Dimaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania , Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5578-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Orlando","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA), Edificio de Agrobiotecnolog\u00eda , Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva Baja ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Av. P. H. Rolfs s\/n , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoria","family":"Catara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania , Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-2421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA), Edificio de Agrobiotecnolog\u00eda , Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva Baja 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