{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:27:25Z","timestamp":1790472445554,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Caustic ingestion, whether intentional or unintentional, may result in significant morbidity. Our aim was to provide an estimate of the incidence and outcomes of caustic ingestion among emergency department (ED) visits across the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) is part of the family of databases developed for the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We analyzed NEDS for the period 2010\u20132014. Adults (\u226518\u00a0years of age) with a diagnosis of caustic ingestion were identified by ICD-9 codes. The weighted frequencies and proportions of caustic ingestion-related ED visits by demographic characteristics and disposition status were examined. A weighted multivariable logistic regression model was performed to examine factors associated with inpatient admission for caustic ingestion-related visits.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 2010 to 2014, there were 40,844 weighted adult ED visits related to caustic ingestion among 533.8 million visits (7.65\/100,000, 95% CI 7.58\/100,000\u20137.73\/100,000), resulting in over $47 million in annual cost. Among ED visits related to caustic ingestion, 28% had comorbid mental and substance use disorders. Local and systemic complications were rare. There was significant regional, gender, and insurance variability in the decision as to perform endoscopy. Males, insured patients, patients domiciled in the Southeast region of the United States, and patients with mental or substance use disorders had significantly higher percentages of receiving endoscopic procedures. Overall, 6,664 (16.27%) visits resulted in admission to the same hospital and 1,063 (2.60%) visits resulted in transfer to another hospital or facility. The risk factors for admission were increasing in age, male gender, local or systemic complications related to caustic ingestion, and comorbid mental and substance use disorders. A total of 161 (0.39%) patients died related to caustic ingestion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results from NEDS provide national estimates on the incidence of caustic ingestions involving adults seen in US EDs. Further studies are needed to examine the standard management of caustic ingestion and investigate the factors causing variability of esophagogastroduodenoscopy performance and caustic ingestion care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doaa012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T12:20:07Z","timestamp":1583324407000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Nationwide estimate of emergency department visits in the United States related to caustic ingestion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yiting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seton Hall University School of Health and Medical Sciences, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Langworthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara L","family":"Wallach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seton Hall University School of Health and Medical Sciences, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank K","family":"Friedenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020060504500514600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-8-31","article-title":"Caustic ingestion in adults: the role of endoscopic classification in predicting outcome","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10083","key":"2020060504500514600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30313-0","article-title":"Caustic ingestion","volume":"389","author":"Chirica","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020060504500514600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182583fb2","article-title":"Surgery for caustic injuries of the upper gastrointestinal tract","volume":"256","author":"Chirica","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060504500514600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2050.2002.00263.x","article-title":"Treatment of caustic ingestion: an analysis of 239 cases","volume":"15","author":"Mamede","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020060504500514600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90641-0","article-title":"Ingestion of corrosive acids. 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