{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T17:40:36Z","timestamp":1773510036078,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dysphagia is the most common symptom in advanced esophageal cancer patients. Esophageal stent placement (SP) is a common palliation method but can be associated with significant morbidity. Limited data exist regarding the ability of spray cryotherapy (SC) prolong time to SP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) patient database was reviewed for cases with a SC indication of esophageal cancer palliation from 2007\u20132019. Procedures were performed using a liquid nitrogen SC system to apply 2\u20135 separate 20 second freeze and 60 second thaw cycles based on tumor characteristics. Primary outcome was time to subsequent palliative SP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 56 patients (71.4% male, mean age 77.8 \u00b1 10.2 years) who underwent a total of 199 SC sessions (mean 3.6 \u00b1 2.7, range 1\u201312 per patient), 41 had adenocarcinoma and 15 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Overall, 13 patients underwent subsequent SP within a mean duration of 15.7 \u00b1 11.0 months over a mean follow-up duration of 25.6 \u00b1 29.4 months. Treatment did produce stenosis in 16 patients, who required dilation within a mean period of 193.1 \u00b1 294.1 days; notably, 10 patients had a history of preceding malignant strictures requiring dilation. Two patients experienced bleeding requiring transfusion, whereas 1 experienced perforation at the start of SC. Prior chemotherapy and\/or radiation was not associated with developing an SC-related complication (risk ratio (RR) 1.5; 95% CI 0.6\u20133.7, P &amp;gt; 0.4).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SC appears to be an effective and safe modality to palliate esophageal cancer in appropriate candidates. Majority of patients who undergo SC avoid the need for future SP. If patients eventually require SP, they are able to, on average, defer stenting for &amp;gt;1 year from SC initiation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doab051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T04:09:56Z","timestamp":1627445396000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Spray cryotherapy prevents need for palliative stenting in patients with esophageal cancer-associated dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yuri","family":"Hanada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cadman L","family":"Leggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prasad G","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Linn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Mangels-Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth K","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011119312361000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(00)00238-6","article-title":"Esophageal cancer: results of an American College of Surgeons patient care evaluation study11No competing interests declared","volume":"190","author":"Daly","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2022011119312361000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1254","article-title":"Esophageal Cancer: An Updated Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Then","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"2022011119312361000_ref3","article-title":"Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst 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