{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:07:06Z","timestamp":1763748426548,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["209057","396414","1074383","504708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["209057","396414","1074383","504708"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000951","name":"Cancer Council Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We examined demographic and lifestyle risk factors for incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett\u2019s esophagus (BE) in an Australian cohort of 20,975 participants aged 40\u201363 at recruitment (1990\u20131994). Information on GERD and BE was collected between 2007 and 2010. GERD symptoms were defined as self-reported heartburn or acid regurgitation. BE was defined as endoscopically confirmed columnar-lined esophagus. Risk factors for developing GERD symptoms, BE diagnosis, age at symptom onset, and age at BE diagnosis were quantified using regression. During a mean follow-up of 15.8\u00a0years, risk of GERD symptoms was 7.5% (n\u2009=\u20091,318) for daily, 7.5% (n\u2009=\u20091,333) for 2\u20136\u00a0days\/week, and 4.3% (n\u2009=\u2009751) for 1\u00a0day\/week. There were 210 (1.0%) endoscopically diagnosed BE cases, of whom 141 had histologically confirmed esophageal intestinal metaplasia. Female sex, younger age, lower socioeconomic position (SEP) and educational attainment, and former smoking were associated with higher GERD risk. Male sex and smoking were associated with earlier GERD symptom onset. Men, older participants, those with higher SEP, and former smokers were at higher BE risk. There was some evidence higher SEP was associated with earlier BE diagnosis. GERD and BE had different demographic risk factors but shared similar lifestyle factors. Earlier GERD symptom onset for men and smokers might have contributed to higher BE risk. The SEP patterns observed for GERD and BE suggest potential inequity in access to care. These findings would be important in the development of clinical risk prediction models for early detection of BE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doab058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T11:21:17Z","timestamp":1629372077000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Demographic and lifestyle risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett\u2019s esophagus in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sabrina E","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley J","family":"Kendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison M","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne C","family":"Dixon-Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S Ghazaleh","family":"Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enes","family":"Makalic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"},{"name":"Health Data Research UK, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J S","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham G","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dallas R","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011119311749000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13289","article-title":"Trends in esophageal cancer survival in United States adults from 1973 to 2009: a SEER database analysis","volume":"31","author":"Njei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol 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