{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:11:47Z","timestamp":1792156307486,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Young Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Project","award":["202105AC160049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202105AC160049"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province Joint Special Project of Science & Technology Department of Yunnan Province and Kunming Medical University","award":["2019FE001-233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019FE001-233"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Due to the unclear quality of the current guidelines, users may be confused about how to diagnose and treat achalasia. The objective of this work is to systematically evaluate the methodological quality of the current guidelines for diagnosing and treating achalasia and to determine the heterogeneity among recommendations. We systematically searched literature databases to retrieve relevant guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included guidelines. Key recommendations in the guidelines were extracted, and the reasons for the heterogeneity of the key recommendations between different guidelines were further analyzed. Seven guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia are included in this study. The overall score of three guidelines exceeded 60%. The average score in domain 5 was the lowest, at 41.8%. The average scores in domain 2, domain 3, and domain 6 were also low, at 45.4%, 57.1% and 56.9%, respectively. The main recommendations and quality of evidence for different guidelines vary greatly, mainly due to the different emphases among different guidelines, the lack of systematic retrieval, or the unfairness of evidence use in some guidelines. There are considerable differences in the methodological quality of diagnosis and treatment guidelines for achalasia. Additionally, the differences in the main recommendations and evidence support among guidelines are also obvious. Guideline developers should improve the above related factors to decrease the heterogeneity, and they should further formulate or update the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doac075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T05:39:16Z","timestamp":1666762756000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9767-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing-Zong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University\/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Yao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University\/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Ying","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University\/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University\/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University\/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Yu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University\/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University\/Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2023050106025630900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01511.x","article-title":"Achalasia: incidence, prevalence and survival. A population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Sadowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023050106025630900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-2017-2","article-title":"SAGES guidelines for the surgical treatment of esophageal achalasia","volume":"26","author":"Stefanidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023050106025630900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14097","article-title":"Management of achalasia cardia: expert consensus statements","volume":"33","author":"Ramchandani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023050106025630900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doy071","article-title":"The 2018 ISDE achalasia guidelines","volume":"31","author":"Zaninotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis 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Beijing)","volume":"38","author":"Super Minimally Invasive Cooperation Group Of Digestive Endoscopy Branch of Chinese Medical Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese J Dig Endoscopy"},{"key":"2023050106025630900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023050106025630900_ref10","author":"The AGREE Next Steps Consortium","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appraisal of guidelines for research & evaluation II 2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023050106025630900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2019.09.06","article-title":"Appraisal of the current guidelines for management of cholangiocarcinoma-using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) 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