{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:32:46Z","timestamp":1787239966258,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]],"date-time":"2024-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In recent years, new translational evidence, diagnostic techniques, and innovative therapies have shed new light on esophageal achalasia and revamped the attention on this relatively rare motility disorder. This narrative review aims to highlight the most recent progress and the areas where further research is needed. The four senior authors identified five topics commonly discussed in achalasia management: i.e. pathogenesis, role of functional lumen imaging probe in the diagnostic flow chart of achalasia, how to define the outcome of achalasia treatments, how to manage persistent chest pain after the treatment, and if achalasia patients\u2019 may benefit from a regular follow-up. We searched the bibliographic databases to identify systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized control trials, and original research articles in English up to December 2023. We provide a summary with the most recent findings in each of the five topics and the critical points where to address future research, such as the immune-genetic patterns of achalasia that might explain the transition among the different phenotypes, the need for a validated clinical definition of treatment success, the use of neuromodulators to manage chest pain, and the need for identifying achalasia patients at risk for cancer and who may benefit of long-term follow-up. Although undoubtedly, progress has been made on the definition and management of achalasia, unmet needs remain. Debated aspects range from mechanistic insights, symptoms, objective measure relationships, and accurate clinical responses to therapeutic interventions. Translational research is eagerly awaited to answer these unresolved questions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doae024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T10:58:58Z","timestamp":1709895538000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Research gap in esophageal achalasia: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo Vincenzo","family":"Savarino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"},{"name":"University of Padua , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chirurgia Generale 1 , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"},{"name":"University of Padua , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6026-5639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Ghisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"},{"name":"University of Padua , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Nazareth Hospital EMMS, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University , Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Forattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chirurgia Generale 1 , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"},{"name":"University of Padua , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chirurgia Generale 1 , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"},{"name":"University of Padua , Azienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 of Padua, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, , Padua , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"De Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Zaninotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024080106390880700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00356-8","article-title":"Achalasia","volume":"8","author":"Savarino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis 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achalasia","volume":"111","author":"Goldblum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024080106390880700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200008000-00014","article-title":"The nature of the myenteric infiltrate in achalasia: an immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"24","author":"Clark","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024080106390880700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00772.x","article-title":"HLA and enteric antineuronal antibodies in patients with achalasia","volume":"18","author":"Latiano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080106390880700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013242831900","article-title":"Myenteric antiplexus antibodies and class II HLA in 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