{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:24:09Z","timestamp":1767705849954,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Distal esophageal spasm (DES) is a rare motility disorder presenting with dysphagia or chest pain. Although studies suggest a link between DES and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), data supporting a distinct GERD-related phenotype are limited. This study aims to investigate demographic, symptomatic, and physiologic differences between DES subjects with and without GERD. A retrospective cohort analysis of DES patients determined by high resolution manometry (HRM) was conducted between February 2020 and January 2023. Demographics, medications, symptoms, and quantitative reflux testing data were collected. DES subjects with reflux (R-DES) were defined by presence of Los Angeles Grade B\/C\/D esophagitis, Barrett\u2019s metaplasia, or abnormal pH testing. DES subjects without reflux (NR-DES) had normal parameters. Statistical analysis employed two-sided or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum, Chi-squared, or Fisher\u2019s exact tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Of 69 DES subjects, 32 (46.3%) had GERD. R-DES and NR-DES patients had similar demographic variables except for higher BMI in R-DES (30.41 vs. 26.88, P\u00a0=\u20090.01). R-DES and NR-DES shared similar symptom profiles (heartburn P\u00a0=\u20090.67, dysphagia P\u00a0=\u20090.448, chest pain P\u00a0=\u20090.32). Proton pump inhibitor use was similar between groups (78.1% vs. 91.9%, P\u00a0=\u20090.202). HRM metrics were comparable except for basal LES tone (20.7\u00a0mmHg vs. 32.99\u00a0mmHg, P\u00a0=\u20090.03) and median IRP 11.82\u00a0mmHg versus 17.20\u00a0mmHg, P\u00a0=\u20090.017). This study found no distinguishing clinical or physiologic differences between DES patients with and without GERD, challenging the historical emphasis of GERD in DES pathogenesis. The impact of GERD management on the natural history of DES remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doae077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:56:46Z","timestamp":1727571406000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distal esophageal spasm and gastroesophageal reflux disease: re-examining the association"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5404-424X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily S","family":"Seltzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Sinai West and Morningside Department of Internal Medicine at , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mantej","family":"Sehmbhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Mount Sinai West and Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robinderpal","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Sinai West and Morningside Department of Internal Medicine at , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Cavaliere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Mount Sinai West and Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuying","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Mount Sinai West and Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Mount Sinai West and Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Jodorkovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Mount Sinai West and Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024102905490525600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12477","article-title":"The Chicago classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0","volume":"27","author":"Kahrilas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102905490525600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.414","article-title":"Distal contraction latency: a measure of propagation velocity optimized for esophageal pressure topography studies","volume":"106","author":"Roman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102905490525600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14119","article-title":"Chicago classification update (v4.0): technical review on diagnostic criteria for distal esophageal spasm","volume":"33","author":"Roman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102905490525600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.058","article-title":"Distal esophageal spasm in high-resolution esophageal pressure topography: defining clinical phenotypes","volume":"141","author":"Pandolfino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102905490525600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31816b444d","article-title":"Physiology of normal esophageal motility","volume":"42","author":"Goyal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102905490525600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91113-I","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in esophageal peristalsis in the opossum","volume":"103","author":"Yamato","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024102905490525600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-018-0650-9","article-title":"The relevance of spastic esophageal disorders as a diagnostic category","volume":"20","author":"Clermont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024102905490525600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.02.031","article-title":"Distal esophageal spasm: a review","volume":"131","author":"Khalaf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024102905490525600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.154","article-title":"Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED) in patients on chronic opioids","volume":"110","author":"Ratuapli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024102905490525600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000648","article-title":"Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Snyder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024102905490525600_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000369","article-title":"Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction: differential effects of type and dose","volume":"114","author":"Snyder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102905490525600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.04.051","article-title":"Opioid exposure differentially impacts esophageal body contraction over the lower esophageal sphincter","volume":"163","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology [Internet]"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024102905490525600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000004514.91064.7f","article-title":"Comparison of the esophageal manometric characteristics of idiopathic and reflux-associated esophageal spasm: evaluation by 24-hour ambulatory esophageal motility and pH monitoring","volume":"48","author":"Hayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102905490525600_ref14","first-page":"187","article-title":"Manometric characteristics in idiopathic and reflux-associated esophageal spasm","volume":"87","author":"Campo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024102905490525600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-016-3221-0","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Oesophageal Cancer in bariatric surgical patients","volume":"20","author":"Burton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg [Internet]"},{"issue":"20","key":"2024102905490525600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2000328","article-title":"Esophageal motility disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"383","author":"Mittal","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"2024102905490525600_ref17","first-page":"G208","article-title":"Modulation of feline esophageal contractions by bolus volume and outflow obstruction","volume":"258","author":"Mittal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102905490525600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14233","article-title":"Chronic opioid use is associated with obstructive and spastic disorders in the esophagus","volume":"34","author":"Sanchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2024102905490525600_ref19","first-page":"2123","volume-title":"Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis: Chronic Opioid Use Is Associated With Esophageal Dysmotility in Symptomatic Patients. Vol. 118, American Journal of Gastroenterology","author":"Niu","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024102905490525600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-013-0325-5","article-title":"Distal esophageal spasm: an update","volume":"15","author":"Achem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"volume-title":"Updates to the modern diagnosis of GERD: Lyon consensus 2.0. Gut","year":"2023","author":"Gyawali","key":"2024102905490525600_ref21"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102905490525600_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104760","article-title":"Esophageal motor abnormalities induced by acid perfusion in patients with heartburn","volume":"42","author":"Siegel","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024102905490525600_ref23","first-page":"1576","article-title":"Acid-provoked esophageal spasm as a cause of noncardiac chest pain","volume":"86","author":"Crozier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2024102905490525600_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03350370110034","article-title":"Are esophageal motility abnormalities produced during the intraesophageal acid perfusion test?","volume":"253","author":"Richter","year":"1985","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024102905490525600_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320258","article-title":"Esophageal motor function and response to acid perfusion in patients with symptomatic reflux esophagitis","volume":"30","author":"Burns","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102905490525600_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2008.0317","article-title":"Primary versus secondary esophageal motility disorders: diagnosis and implications for treatment","volume":"19","author":"Herbella","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102905490525600_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2011.01258.x","article-title":"Esophageal spasm: demographic, clinical, radiographic, and manometric features in 108 patients","volume":"25","author":"Almansa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102905490525600_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12367","article-title":"Esophageal hypermotility: cause or effect?","volume":"29","author":"Crespin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"}],"container-title":["Diseases of the Esophagus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article-pdf\/37\/11\/doae077\/60176121\/doae077.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article-pdf\/37\/11\/doae077\/60176121\/doae077.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T05:49:21Z","timestamp":1730180961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/dote\/doae077\/7787525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/dote\/doae077","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-8694","1442-2050"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1120-8694"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1442-2050"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"article-number":"doae077"}}