{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T11:11:37Z","timestamp":1782731497477,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Salvage esophagectomy for esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is a high-risk surgery, and radical lymph node dissection (RLND) can cause severe complications. However, the significance of RLND in salvage surgery remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study included 55 patients who underwent curative-intent salvage esophagectomy after dCRT for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We evaluated the prognostic impact of lymph node dissection of each station using efficacy indexes (EIs) and compared the outcomes between RLND and limited lymph node dissection (LLND).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nine (16.4%) patients underwent RLND and 46 (83.6%) underwent LLND. Patients who underwent RLND had greater operative blood loss and a greater number of resected lymph nodes compared to patients who underwent LLND (P\u2009=\u20090.053 and 0.002, respectively). However, the incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different between the groups. The EIs of the cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes were zero because no patients with involved nodes at these stations remained alive at 5\u00a0years. In contrast, perigastric lymph nodes had relatively high EIs. Overall and cancer-specific survival did not differ significantly between patients who underwent RLND and those who underwent LLND (P\u2009=\u20090.475 and 0.808, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The EIs of the cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes were zero, and RLND did not improve survival. Depending on tumor status, LLND may be sufficient for salvage esophagectomy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doaf004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T04:18:05Z","timestamp":1737951485000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Is prophylactic lymph node dissection efficacious in salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Kengo","family":"Kuriyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3217-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiko","family":"Okamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Hayami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kanamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Terayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasukazu","family":"Kanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-023-00993-2","article-title":"Esophageal cancer practice guidelines 2022 edited by the Japan esophageal society: part 1","volume":"20","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Esophagus."},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-023-00994-1","article-title":"Esophageal cancer practice guidelines 2022 edited by the Japan Esophageal society: part 2","volume":"20","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-019-00700-0","article-title":"Salvage esophagectomy for initially unresectable locally advanced T4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Okamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.11.002","article-title":"A meta-analysis on salvage surgery as a potentially curative procedure in patients with isolated local recurrent or persistent esophageal cancer after chemoradiotherapy","volume":"45","author":"Faiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12399","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the significance of salvage esophagectomy for persistent or recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Kumagai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005798","article-title":"Waiting to operate: the risk of salvage esophagectomy","volume":"277","author":"Boerner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.05.016","article-title":"Salvage esophagectomy after high-dose chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"137","author":"Tachimori","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.03.04","article-title":"Different strategy of salvage esophagectomy between residual and recurrent esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Taniyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-7074-5","article-title":"Prognostic factors and appropriate lymph node dissection in salvage esophagectomy for locally advanced T4 esophageal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Ohkura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1159\/000505925","article-title":"Prognostic impact of postoperative complications following salvage esophagectomy for Esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"98","author":"Sugimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-007-0157-z","article-title":"Salvage esophagectomy following definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"55","author":"Nishimura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4536-7","article-title":"Prognostic factors of salvage esophagectomy for residual or recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Kiyozumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-08440-7","article-title":"Appropriate candidates for salvage esophagectomy of initially unresectable locally advanced T4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Booka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4863","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-022-11625-x","article-title":"Selective lymphadenectomy for salvage esophagectomy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Mayanagi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025021907290064300_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12448","article-title":"Salvage treatment after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Yagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Surg"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-020-01935-7","article-title":"Patient selection for salvage surgery after definitive chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"405","author":"Harada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-011-0448-0","article-title":"Clinical significance of salvage esophagectomy for remnant or recurrent cancer following definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"46","author":"Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-019-01590-z","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of multimodal therapy combining definitive chemoradiotherapy and salvage surgery for T4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Sugawara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0331-9","article-title":"Factors influencing the long-term survival in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy after chemoradiotherapy","volume":"34","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021907290064300_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.21037\/acs.2017.03.14","article-title":"8th edition AJCC\/UICC staging of cancers of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: application to clinical practice","volume":"6","author":"Rice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg, Eighth Edition"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021907290064300_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b13ca2","article-title":"The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience","volume":"250","author":"Clavien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025021907290064300_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-024-01054-y","article-title":"Japanese classification of Esophageal cancer, twelfth edition: part I","volume":"21","author":"Mine","year":"2024","journal-title":"Esophagus."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025021907290064300_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-024-01048-w","article-title":"Japanese classification of Esophageal cancer, twelfth edition: part II","volume":"21","author":"Doki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Esophagus."},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-015-0515-3","article-title":"Efficacy of lymph node dissection by node zones according to tumor location for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Tachimori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Esophagus."},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23122","article-title":"The importance of grouping of lymph node stations and rationale of three-field lymphoadenectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer","volume":"106","author":"Udagawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-017-0580-x","article-title":"Inter-evaluator heterogeneity of clinical diagnosis for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Hamamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Esophagus."},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-017-1168-0","article-title":"Concordance of clinical diagnosis of T classification among physicians for locally advanced unresectable thoracic esophageal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Yokota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12625","article-title":"Primary tracheobronchial necrosis after esophagectomy: a nationwide multicenter retrospective study in Japan","volume":"7","author":"Sakai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Surg"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.03.055","article-title":"Long-term toxicity after definitive chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus","volume":"21","author":"Ishikura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.06.033","article-title":"Phase II study of chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for stage II-III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: JCOG trial (JCOG 9906)","volume":"81","author":"Kato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025021907290064300_ref31","first-page":"5045","article-title":"Clinical significance of salvage esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer and factors of influencing long-term survival","volume":"37","author":"Sohda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025021907290064300_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30626-6","article-title":"Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma refractory or intolerant to previous chemotherapy (ATTRACTION-3): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Kato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032125","article-title":"Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer","volume":"384","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10302","key":"2025021907290064300_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01234-4","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-590): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"398","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025021907290064300_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2111380","article-title":"Nivolumab combination therapy in advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma","volume":"386","author":"Doki","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Diseases of the Esophagus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article-pdf\/38\/1\/doaf004\/61946822\/doaf004.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article-pdf\/38\/1\/doaf004\/61946822\/doaf004.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T07:29:18Z","timestamp":1739950158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/dote\/doaf004\/8021101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/dote\/doaf004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-8694","1442-2050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-8694","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-2050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"article-number":"doaf004"}}