{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:16:42Z","timestamp":1791908202284,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a major global health challenge in its locally advanced stages. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy aims to downstage tumors before surgery, but the optimal number of cycles remains uncertain. We performed a single-institution retrospective study of 208 consecutive patients with resectable, locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated between March 2020 and April 2024. Patients received either two (n\u2009=\u200984) or three (n\u2009=\u2009124) cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy plus a programmed death-1 inhibitor, followed by esophagectomy without planned radiotherapy. Primary outcomes were pathologic complete response and disease-free survival; safety and clinical-to-pathologic downstaging were prespecified secondary end points. Three cycles yielded higher objective response (75.0% vs. 60.7%) and a higher pathologic complete response of the primary tumor (27.4% vs. 11.9%) than two cycles. Disease-free survival favored three cycles (hazard ratio, 0.52). Treatment-related adverse events occurred more often with three cycles, driven mainly by bone-marrow suppression (32.3% vs. 11.9%) but were generally manageable and compatible with timely surgery. Overall survival did not differ within the current median follow-up of 21\u00a0months. This retrospective analysis suggests that three cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy may provide greater tumor response and improved disease-free survival compared with two cycles in operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, with acceptable toxicity. However, neoadjuvant chemoradiation\u2014which typically achieves higher pathologic complete response rates\u2014remains the standard of care. Longer follow-up and prospective, stratified trials are needed to validate these findings and to define the role of a radiation-free strategy in appropriately selected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doaf101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T17:44:16Z","timestamp":1763574256000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy cycles in locally advanced Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective comparison of three versus two cycles"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Aizemaiti","family":"Rusidanmu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zibunisha","family":"Yakufu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology , American-Sino Women's and Children's Hospital, Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing Xin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di Fan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng Liang","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai Ping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kan Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui Fang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Gang Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111912441164900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308124","article-title":"Global incidence of oesophageal cancer by histological subtype in 2012","volume":"64","author":"Arnold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025111912441164900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010141","article-title":"Global burden, risk factors, and trends of esophageal cancer: an analysis of cancer registries from 48 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randomized, open-label clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025111912441164900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00040-6","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for oesophageal or junctional cancer (CROSS): long-term results of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Shapiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2025111912441164900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30626-6","article-title":"Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma refractory or intolerant to previous chemotherapy (ATTRACTION-3): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Kato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet 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