{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T13:03:14Z","timestamp":1765458194371,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunotherapy improves survival with manageable toxicity in esophageal cancer as neoadjuvant, first-line, or second-line therapy. However, its adjuvant role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains uncertain. This study evaluates whether adjuvant immunotherapy enhances survival in ESCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicentric propensity-score matching analysis in patients with unresected ESCC who underwent radiotherapy between January 2015 and December 2024. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis was employed to generate survival curves, with comparisons made via the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate-analyses employed Cox regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 207 patients were enrolled. Among them, 60 patients received immunotherapy, while 147 did not receive adjuvant immunotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 42\u00a0months in the immunotherapy group, compared with 22.0\u00a0months in the non-immunotherapy group (HR, 0.55; 96.4%CI, 0.32 to 0.93). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 26\u00a0months in the adjuvant immunotherapy group versus 17\u00a0months in the non-adjuvant group, showing a statistically significant difference (HR, 0.58; 95%CI, 0.36 to 0.95). After propensity score matching, the results remained consistent with the overall cohort. Compared with the non-adjuvant group, adjuvant immunotherapy significantly improved both PFS (HR, 0.49; 95%CI, 0.27 to 0.89) and OS (HR, 0.50; 95%CI, 0.29 to 0.85). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance-status score, tumor stage, and maximum tumor thickness are independent prognostic factors in univariate-analyses. In multivariate-analyses, no significant prognostic factors were identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with unresected ESCC who received adjuvant immunotherapy following radiotherapy demonstrated significantly longer OS and PFS compared to those who did not receive adjuvant immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doaf103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:02:02Z","timestamp":1762520522000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adjuvant immunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy: retrospective multicentric survival analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy , Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital , Chongqing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benxu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy , Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy , West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinghan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuxuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 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