{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:44:38Z","timestamp":1788565478279,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oesophago-gastric cancer (OGC) is associated with a poor prognosis, with most patients presenting with or ultimately developing metastatic disease. Oligometastatic disease (OMD) represents an intermediate disease state characterised by a limited metastatic burden and, in selected patients, a more indolent clinical course. Increasing evidence suggests that carefully selected patients with OMD may benefit from local metastasis-directed therapies combined with systemic treatment. The OligoMetastatic Esophagogastric Cancer (OMEC) consortium has recently proposed a standardised consensus definition of OMD in OGC. However, this definition is primarily imaging-based, and conventional imaging may lack sensitivity for occult systemic disease and does not fully capture underlying tumour biology. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker in OGC, with demonstrated value across locally advanced and metastatic settings. In the oligometastatic setting, ctDNA may provide a biological complement to imaging-based classification, enabling detection of molecular residual or occult systemic disease, improved prognostic stratification, and identification of patients most likely to benefit from local therapy. In this review, we summarise current evidence for the management of OMD in OGC and the evolving role of ctDNA in this disease. We discuss how ctDNA could refine prognostic stratification, therapeutic decision-making, and response assessment in oligometastatic OGC. Finally, we highlight key biological and methodological challenges and outline future directions, including the integration of ctDNA into OMD trial design to improve patient selection and response assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doag059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:41:01Z","timestamp":1780659661000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Circulating tumour DNA in oligometastatic oesophago-gastric cancers: applications, challenges, and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9967-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Cammarota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Humanitas University , Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano, 20089, Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Puccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Humanitas University , Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano, 20089, Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB21TN ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Cambridge, CB20QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4243-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter S N","family":"van Rossum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["1105 AZ, the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life , Amsterdam ,","place":["1105 AZ, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Mouliere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK National Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, M20 4BX ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanneke W M","family":"van Laarhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life , Amsterdam ,","place":["1105 AZ, the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center: location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, 1105 AZ ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026062213553442000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.05.054","article-title":"The global landscape of Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence and mortality in 2020 and projections to 2040: new estimates from GLOBOCAN 2020","volume":"163","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10494","key":"2026062213553442000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00052-2","article-title":"Gastric cancer","volume":"405","author":"Sundar","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026062213553442000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1254","article-title":"Esophageal cancer: an updated surveillance epidemiology and end results database analysis","volume":"11","author":"Then","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026062213553442000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.07.004","article-title":"Gastric cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Lordick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref5","volume-title":"ESMO Gastric Cancer Living Guideline v1.4","author":"Lordick","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026062213553442000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.07.003","article-title":"Oesophageal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Obermannov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026062213553442000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2025.104134","article-title":"ESMO clinical practice guideline interim update on the treatment of locally advanced oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma and metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Obermannov\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2025.102890","article-title":"How do I treat dMMR\/MSI gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma in 2025? A position paper from the EORTC-GITCG gastro-esophageal task force","volume":"134","author":"Fouchardi\u00e8re","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"10418","key":"2026062213553442000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02033-0","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: interim analyses from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-811 randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"402","author":"Janjigian","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"7903","key":"2026062213553442000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04508-4","article-title":"Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or ipilimumab in gastro-oesophageal cancer","volume":"603","author":"Shitara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026062213553442000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2111380","article-title":"Nivolumab combination therapy in advanced Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma","volume":"386","author":"Doki","year":"2022","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"10389","key":"2026062213553442000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00620-7","article-title":"Zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6 in patients with CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative, untreated, locally advanced unresectable or metastatic gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (SPOTLIGHT): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial","volume":"401","author":"Shitara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026062213553442000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02465-7","article-title":"Zolbetuximab plus CAPOX in CLDN18.2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: the randomized, phase 3 GLOW trial","volume":"29","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026062213553442000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21388","article-title":"The eighth edition AJCC cancer staging manual: continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \"personalized\" approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.1.8","article-title":"Oligometastases","volume":"13","author":"Hellman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026062213553442000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)71516-9","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the kidney with metastasis to the lung: cured by nephrectomy and lobectomy","volume":"42","author":"Dellinger Barney","year":"1939","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114062","article-title":"European clinical practice guidelines for the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer (OMEC-4)","volume":"204","author":"Kroese","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30718-1","article-title":"Characterisation and classification of oligometastatic disease: a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and European organisation for research and treatment of Cancer consensus recommendation","volume":"21","author":"Guckenberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026062213553442000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04093-9","article-title":"Liquid biopsies across the cancer care continuum","volume":"31","author":"Landon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2200420","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.22.00420","article-title":"Analysis of circulating tumor DNA to predict risk of recurrence in patients with Esophageal and gastric cancers","volume":"6","author":"Huffman","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62056-7","article-title":"Longitudinal circulating tumor DNA analysis during treatment of locally advanced resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: the PLAGAST prospective biomarker study","volume":"16","author":"Zaanan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.06.012","article-title":"Incidence and survival of patients with oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer: a multicenter cohort study","volume":"173","author":"Kroese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026062213553442000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2024.108231","article-title":"Oncological outcomes of patients with oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer","volume":"50","author":"Down","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00316-3","article-title":"Systemic therapy with or without local intervention for oligometastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESO-Shanghai 13): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026062213553442000_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.05.003","article-title":"Phase 2 study of stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with Oligometastatic Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"108","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2023.109679","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus camrelizumab and irinotecan for oligometastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients after first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy failure: an open-label, single-arm, phase II trial","volume":"184","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-10773-x","article-title":"Does resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and S-1 (DOS regimen) benefit for gastric cancer patients with single non-curable factor? A multicenter, prospective cohort study (neo-REGATTA)","volume":"23","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-024-03575-7","article-title":"Curative treatment for oligometastatic gastroesophageal cancer- results of a prospective multicenter study","volume":"410","author":"Nor\u00e9n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026062213553442000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.14057","article-title":"Esophageal chemoradiotherapy with concurrent nivolumab: pilot results in the palliative treatment of oligometastatic disease","volume":"20","author":"Day","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026062213553442000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00553-7","article-title":"Gastrectomy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric cancer with a single non-curable factor (REGATTA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Fujitani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"LBA4001","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.17_suppl.LBA4001","article-title":"Effect of chemotherapy\/targeted therapy alone vs. chemotherapy\/targeted therapy followed by radical surgical resection on survival and quality of life in patients with limited-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction: the IKF-575\/RENAISSANCE phase III trial","volume":"42","author":"Salah-Eddin Al-Batran","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026062213553442000_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0515","article-title":"Effect of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection on survival in patients with limited metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: the AIO-FLOT3 trial","volume":"3","author":"Al-Batran","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3918-9","article-title":"The RENAISSANCE (AIO-FLOT5) trial: effect of chemotherapy alone vs. chemotherapy followed by surgical resection on survival and quality of life in patients with limited-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction - a phase III trial of the German AIO\/CAO-V\/CAOGI","volume":"17","author":"Al-Batran","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026062213553442000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4437","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0143","article-title":"False-positive plasma genotyping due to clonal Hematopoiesis","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026062213553442000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy513","article-title":"Biological background of the genomic variations of cf-DNA in healthy individuals","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"7655","key":"2026062213553442000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22364","article-title":"Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution","volume":"545","author":"Abbosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026062213553442000_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03040-4","article-title":"Ultrasensitive plasma-based monitoring of tumor burden using machine-learning-guided signal enrichment","volume":"30","author":"Widman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"224","key":"2026062213553442000_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224ra24","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007094","article-title":"Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early- and late-stage human malignancies","volume":"6","author":"Bettegowda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026062213553442000_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-00857-z","article-title":"Evaluating the analytical validity of circulating tumor DNA sequencing assays for precision oncology","volume":"39","author":"Deveson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53017-7","article-title":"Cancer treatment monitoring using cell-free DNA fragmentomes","volume":"15","author":"I","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026062213553442000_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-2396","article-title":"A tumor-na\u00efve ctDNA assay detects minimal residual disease in resected stage II or III colorectal cancer and predicts recurrence: subset analysis from the GALAXY study in CIRCULATE-Japan","volume":"31","author":"Nakamura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlb.2025.100337","article-title":"ALMA platform: a pan-cancer agnostic multi-modal liquid biopsy approach for enhanced MRD detection and therapy monitoring","volume":"9","author":"Paracchini","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Journal of Liquid Biopsy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026062213553442000_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.279144.124","article-title":"Nanopore-based consensus sequencing enables accurate multimodal tumor cell-free DNA profiling","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101349","article-title":"Multi-modal cell-free DNA genomic and fragmentomic patterns enhance cancer survival and recurrence analysis","volume":"5","author":"Moldovan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026062213553442000_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.06.003","article-title":"Circulating tumor extracellular vesicles to monitor metastatic prostate cancer genomics and transcriptomic evolution","volume":"42","author":"Casanova-Salas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"38","key":"2026062213553442000_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62280","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11409","article-title":"Somatic mutations in plasma cell-free DNA are diagnostic markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma recurrence","volume":"7","author":"Ueda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026062213553442000_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7098","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1704","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA sequencing analysis of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Maron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026062213553442000_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2531-z","article-title":"Deep sequencing of circulating tumor DNA detects molecular residual disease and predicts recurrence in gastric cancer","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026062213553442000_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.10.039","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA analysis for detection of minimal residual disease after Chemoradiotherapy for localized Esophageal cancer","volume":"158","author":"Azad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026062213553442000_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-022-01313-w","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA predicts outcome in metastatic gastroesophageal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Velzen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01274-7","article-title":"The predicting role of circulating tumor DNA landscape in gastric cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026062213553442000_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.4395","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA dynamics as prognostic markers in locally advanced and metastatic Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"158","author":"Ng","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70242","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.70242","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA informs clinical practice in patients with recurrent\/metastatic gastroesophageal cancers","volume":"132","author":"Mehta","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14310-3","article-title":"White blood cell and cell-free DNA analyses for detection of residual disease in gastric cancer","volume":"11","author":"Leal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026062213553442000_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.12.010","article-title":"Longitudinal tracking of 97 esophageal adenocarcinomas using liquid biopsy sampling","volume":"32","author":"Ococks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026062213553442000_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/path.6175","article-title":"Genome-wide and panel-based cell-free DNA characterization of patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"261","author":"Ende","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026062213553442000_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12494","article-title":"Residual circulating tumor DNA after adjuvant chemotherapy effectively predicts recurrence of stage II-III gastric cancer","volume":"43","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Commun (Lond)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026062213553442000_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13481","article-title":"Liquid biopsy: circulating tumor DNA monitors neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and prognosis in stage II\/III gastric cancer","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026062213553442000_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.011","article-title":"Serial circulating tumor DNA detection using a personalized, tumor-informed assay in Esophageal adenocarcinoma patients following resection","volume":"161","author":"Ococks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7_Supplement","key":"2026062213553442000_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2023-5591","article-title":"Abstract 5591: circulating tumor DNA for recurrence prediction and efficacy analysis in the ICONIC trial of peri-operative FLOT and avelumab (PD-L1) in localized esophago-gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"83","author":"Gerlinger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026062213553442000_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02758-x","article-title":"Neoadjuvant atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: the phase 2 PANDA trial","volume":"30","author":"Verschoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026062213553442000_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02877-z","article-title":"Neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus LAG-3 inhibitor relatlimab in resectable esophageal\/gastroesophageal junction cancer: a phase Ib trial and ctDNA analyses","volume":"30","author":"Kelly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026062213553442000_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.11.016","article-title":"Tremelimumab and durvalumab as neoadjuvant or non-operative management strategy of patients with microsatellite instability-high resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: the INFINITY study by GONO","volume":"36","author":"Raimondi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2400288","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.24.00288","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA as a prognostic biomarker for recurrence in patients with Locoregional Esophagogastric cancers with a pathologic complete response","volume":"8","author":"Lander","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46307-7","article-title":"Predictive role of ctDNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy combined with toripalimab","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026062213553442000_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaf004","article-title":"Detecting residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: prospective multicentre preSINO trial","volume":"112","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJS"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026062213553442000_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102334","article-title":"ctDNA detects residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and guides adjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Reports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026062213553442000_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03244-8","article-title":"Targeted therapy guided by circulating tumor DNA analysis in advanced gastrointestinal tumors","volume":"31","author":"Nakamura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026062213553442000_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1408","article-title":"Personalized antibodies for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (PANGEA): a phase II study evaluating an individualized treatment strategy for metastatic disease","volume":"11","author":"Catenacci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026062213553442000_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02992-x","article-title":"Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer: exploratory biomarker analysis of the randomized, phase 2 DESTINY-Gastric01 trial","volume":"30","author":"Shitara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026062213553442000_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7035","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1324","article-title":"Validation of microsatellite instability detection using a comprehensive plasma-based genotyping panel","volume":"25","author":"Willis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026062213553442000_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200075","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA analysis guiding adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer","volume":"386","author":"Tie","year":"2022","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2026062213553442000_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.19.00339","article-title":"Assessment of molecular remission in Oligometastatic Esophageal cancer with a personalized circulating tumor DNA assay","volume":"4","author":"Einstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026062213553442000_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00580-1","article-title":"Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel as switch maintenance versus continuation of first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ARMANI): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial","volume":"25","author":"Randon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["Diseases of the Esophagus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article-pdf\/39\/3\/doag059\/68576890\/doag059.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article-pdf\/39\/3\/doag059\/68576890\/doag059.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T17:55:39Z","timestamp":1782150939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dote\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/dote\/doag059\/8713325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/dote\/doag059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-8694","1442-2050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-8694","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-2050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"article-number":"doag059"}}